- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read the text. For each statement 1 to 8 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
- •2. Match the historical systems of law (1 to 8) to their distinctive characteristics (a to h).
- •3. Make the Comparative and the Superlative forms of the adjectives.
- •5. Complete the sentences with was/wasn’t, were/weren’t and translate them.
- •6. Put the sentences in the Past Simple Tense. Make necessary changes.
- •7. Complete the sentences with the verbs in the Past Simple Tense.
- •8. Transform the following sentences into a) negative sentence, b) yes/no-question, c) or-question, d) tag-question, e) wh-questions and f) subject-question.
- •Vocabulary
- •10. Read text 2 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •11. Match the sentence halves to make appropriate sentences.
- •12. Find the Passive verb forms (Present Simple or Past Simple) and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •13. Choose the proper verb form (Active or Passive).
- •14. Rewrite the sentences, changing the active to the passive and adding by where necessary. Make any other necessary changes.
- •15. Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets (present or past simple active or passive, participle I or II).
- •16. Use the comparative or superlative form of the adjective in brackets. Supply the where necessary.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •17. Match the legal terms with their definitions.
- •18. Match the verbs 1 to 10 to the nouns that they go with. Make up 5 sentences with any of the collocations.
- •19. Give synonyms. Make up 7 sentences with any of them.
- •20. Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with appropriate words and phrases from the vocabulary lists on pp. 24 and 29.
- •22. Translate the chains of words into Russian. Complete the sentences with appropriate words from each chain.
- •23. Choose the best word to fill each gap from the alternatives given in the box below. There are some words that you don’t need.
- •24. Complete this text with the correct alternatives. Translate the text into Russian in written form.
- •25. Look again at Texts 1 and 2 and answer the questions.
- •26. Translate into English.
- •27. Speak on one of the following topics. Use the words and phrases provided below each topic.
- •1 Early systems of law.
- •2 Roman law and its influence.
- •28. Discuss in groups.
12. Find the Passive verb forms (Present Simple or Past Simple) and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. A civil code was based on tradition, social equality and impartiality. 2. The feudal law was replaced by the law of the royal courts. 3. European Union law is codified in treaties. 4. A Europe-wide Law Merchant was formed in the Middle Ages. 5. Trade affairs between sovereign states are regulated by International law. 6. The territory of the USA was first settled by English-speaking people in the early 17th century. 7. English common-law system was adopted in America after crossing the Atlantic. 8. The history of law is closely connected to the development of civilizations. 9. Hebrew law was based on the Talmud. 10. Roman law was summarized in the Corpus Juris Civilis. 11. Babylonian law is carved on a stone column. 12. Arbitrary remedies were eliminated by Henry II.
13. Choose the proper verb form (Active or Passive).
1. Russia (washes/is washed) by seas and oceans in the north and in the east. 2. This institute (trains/is trained) specialists of high qualification. 3. The system of equity (administered; was administered) by the Lord Chancellor. 4. Two criminals (arrested; were arrested) by the police last night. 5. At our University the students (teach/are taught) English, German or French. 6. Ancient Egyptian law (consisted; was consisted) of twelve books. 7. Administrative law (makes/is made) by administrative agencies. 8. The case (tried/was tried) in 2006. 9. Civil law (doesn’t regulate/isn’t regulated) relations between governments. 10. A crime (defines/is defined) in criminal legislation as danger to well-being of the society. 11. Common law (based/is based) on judicial precedent. 12. The courts in Great Britain (divide/are divided) into criminal courts and civil courts.
14. Rewrite the sentences, changing the active to the passive and adding by where necessary. Make any other necessary changes.
1. The courts interpret statutes. 2. King Hammurabi codified ancient Babylonian law. 3. The royal courts developed common law. 4. Henry II reinstated a jury system. 5. The colonies adopted their new Constitution. 6. Parliament passes laws. 7. The early courts passed their judgment according to customary law. 8. The Court of Appeal hears criminal and civil appeals. 9. The Lord Chancellor presides over the House of Lords. 10. The students attend lectures with interest. 11. The President signed the bill yesterday. 12. English-speaking people settled the United States in the early 17th century. 13. Canada follows common law. 14. They describe the US as a nation of laws, not of people. 15. The English Parliament passed the English Bill of Rights in 1689.
15. Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets (present or past simple active or passive, participle I or II).
1. Civil law (become) part of the basis for the system of equity. 2. The U.S. Constitution (consist) of the preamble, seven articles and twenty-six amendments (adopt) in 1787. 3. Public international law (concern) relationships between sovereign nations. 4. Civil law (base) on written legal codes. 5. The affairs of the state (govern) by constitutional and administrative law. 6. The police (arrest) three criminals last night. 7. The Law Merchant (become) a predecessor to modern commercial law. 8. The powers of the Queen (limit) by the Parliament. 9. Louisiana (be) the only state with a civil law code (base) on the French Napoleonic Code. 10. Contract law (set) rules about buying and selling goods and services. 11. Common law (build) by many generations of English judges. 12. Criminal law closely (connect) with the morality. 13. American Congress (pass) a lot of federal laws each year. 14. The Rule of Law (prevent) dictatorship and (protect) the rights of the people. 15. Roman law (develop) the distinction between public law and private law.