- •Учреждение образования «высший государственный колледж связи» «чтение и перевод технических текстов по специальности ткс»
- •Часть II
- •Unit 3 Time Division Multiplexing
- •21.1 General definition
- •21.2 Digital time division multiplex structure
- •21.2.1 Frame organisation
- •21.2.2 Frame alignment
- •21.2.3 Signalling
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •4 Answer the questions:
- •21.3 The digital hierarchy levels
- •21.4 The t carrier framing and coding formats
- •The superframe format
- •21.4.2 The extended superframe format
- •21.4.3 Clear channels for data applications
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •4 Answer the questions:
- •21.5 The cept pcm-30 framing format
- •21.5.1 Frame composition
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •21.6.2 Error conditions
- •21.7 Coding schemes
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •4 Answer the questions:
- •Unit 4 (58) Telephones and headsets
- •58.1 Telephones
- •58.2 Telephone speech functions
- •58.3 Telephone transmitters
- •58.3.1 Carbon granule transmitter
- •58.3.2 Rocking armature transmitter
- •58.3.3 Piezoelectric transmitter
- •58.4 Telephone receivers
- •58.4.1 Rocking armature receiver
- •58.4.2 Moving coil receiver
- •1. Learn the words & word combinations:
- •4. Answer the questions:
- •5. Translate in written form point 58.3.1:
- •58.5 Telephone handset design
- •58.6 Telephone transmission performance
- •58.6.1 Sending sensitivity
- •58.6.2 Receive sensitivity
- •58.6.3 Impedance
- •58.6.4 D.C. Characteristics
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •3 Find English equivalents:
- •Answer the questions:
- •5 Translate in written form points 58.6.1 – 58.6.4:
- •58.7 Signalling
- •Incoming ringing signals
- •Outgoing 48raveling
- •Dial pulse or loop disconnect 49raveling
- •Dual tone multifrequency 50raveling
- •Loudspeaking telephones
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •4 Answer the questions:
- •5 Translate in written form points 58.9:
- •58.9 Digital telephones
- •58.10 Telephone standards
- •58.11 Headsets
- •58.12 Headset aesthetics
- •58.13 Headset technical considerations
- •58.13.1 Microphones
- •58.13.2 Earphones
- •58.14 The growing need for headsets
- •58.15 Headset approval process
- •58.16 Headset design criteria
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •Unit 5 (60) Facsimile transmission
- •60.2 Facsimile types
- •60.2.1 Photofax equipment
- •60.2.2 Weatherfax equipment
- •60.2.3 Pagefax equipment
- •60.2.4 Mobile equipment
- •60.2.5 Government and military equipment
- •60.2.5.1 Strategic requirements
- •60.2.5.2 Tactical requirements
- •60.3 Ccitt document facsimile equipment
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •3 Find English equivalents:
- •4 Answer the questions:
- •5. Translate in written form points 60.3.4:
- •60.4 G3 facsimile equipment
- •60.4.1 Scanner
- •60.4.2 Data compression
- •60.4.2.1 Modified Huffman
- •60.4.2.2 Modified read
- •60.4.3 Modulation and demodulation
- •60.4.3.1 G3 signal transmission
- •60.4.3.2 Modem operation
- •60.4.3.3 14.4Kbills option
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •2 Find Russian equivalents; mind the meaning of these expressions:
- •60.4.4.1 Ecm receiver operation
- •60.4.4.2 Ecm performance
- •60.4.5 Printer
- •60.4.6 G3 handshake protocol
- •60.5 64Kbit/s facsimile equipment
- •60.5.1 G4 equipment
- •60.5.2 64Kbit/s g3 type equipment
- •1 Learn the words & word combinations:
- •2 Find Russian equivalents; mind the meaning of these expressions:
- •3 Answer the questions:
- •5. Translate in written form points
- •60.6 G3 networks, switches, gateways and pc fax.
- •60.6.1 Managed network use
- •60.6.2 Facsimile switches
- •60.6.3 Facsimile gateways
- •60.6.4 Pc fax cards
- •60.7 Facsimile futures
- •1 Write out all the words unknown to you, learn them properly.
- •2 Translate in written form points 60.6 – 60.7
- •«Чтение и перевод технических текстов по специальности ткс»
- •Часть II
60.4.3.1 G3 signal transmission
G3 is a half duplex transmission which uses 2 types of modulation/demodulation; the first of 300bit/s for the T.30 protocol and handshaking between terminals. This 300bit/s V.21 modem is a robust FSK transmission. It is easily implemented and does not require training. It is used for the relatively low volume of data establishing machine parameters and providing feedback from receiver to transmitter.
The second is the high speed modem used for the compressed image data transfer. In G3 there is a basic V.27 mode of 4.8kbit/s with 2.4kbit/s fallback where the lines are poor, and optional modes up to 9.6kbit/s and up to 14.4kbit/s for use where terminals and networks permit. It is generally acknowledged that over 80% of transmissions used these higher rates.
Table 60.7 compares the G3 modulation methods, where QAM refers to quadrature amplitude modulation.
60.4.3.2 Modem operation
The data rate modem takes a number of bits of the incoming data (e.g. 4 bits for V.29 9.6kbit/s), and for the symbol time (1/2400 second for V.29 9.6kbit/s) generates the relevant modulation condition for these bits (16 conditions for V.29 9.6kbit/s).
The modulation condition may be generated by a controlled combination of sine and cosine modulated carriers which are then filtered before application to the network to limit damaging out of band signals. The receiving modem tracks the carrier to correct for network frequency shift and recovers the symbol timing. It then studies the signal during this symbol period to decide which of the possible states the received signal most closely matches and decodes that state to provide the digital bit stream.
To establish the symbol timing, and allow the receive modem to set equaliser conditions to compensate for the network impairments, an initial training signal is sent from the transmit modem. In G3 this is followed by a 1.5s period all '0' TCF, so that the machine can decide if it can correctly receive at this rate. If not the 300bit/s handshake reply initiates a new training sequence, which the transmitter may choose to send at a lower rate. With ECM it is often found desirable to operate at the higher data rates, accepting that a limited number of errors which can be rapidly corrected may provide an overall increase in transmission efficiency.
60.4.3.3 14.4Kbills option
The CCITT option at 14.4kbit/s uses V.I7 TCM (Trellis Coded Modulation). The symbol rate is the same as V.29 9.6kbit/s which appears optimum for the telephone network, but the bits per symbol increase not to 6 as expected but to 7 to allow FEC (Forward Error Correction) data to be included. The 7th bit, bringing the number of states to be decoded at the receiver to 128, is generated from 2 of the data bits in each symbol interval. This introduced redundancy means that only certain decoded sequences are valid. The receiver knows from the recent signal history when an unlikely condition occurs and can make an educated guess at the correct data. It is this difference in operation which gives a 3dB signal/noise improvement in Gaussian noise tests, and noticeable end to end improvement over QAM in actual use.