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The study of underlying physiological bases of psychological functions is known as physiological psychology. The two major communication systems of the body the nervous system and the circulatory system — are the focus of most research in this area.

The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (the brain and the spinal cord) and its outlying neural network, the peripheral nervous system; the latter communicates with the glands and muscles and includes the sensory receptors for seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting, touching, feeling pain, and sensing stimuli within the body. The circulatory system circulates the blood and also carries the important chemical agents known as hormones from the glands to all parts of the body. Both these communication systems are very important in overall human behavior.

The smallest unit of the nervous system is the single nerve cell or neuron. When a neuron is properly stimulated, it transmits electrochemical signals from one place in the system to another. The nervous system has 12.5 billion neurons, of which about 10 billion are in the brain itself.

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One reason for the increase in cohabitation is cultural. The norms governing sexual relationships have changed. In the not-so-distant past, couples who were living together usually hid the fact from their families and told their landlord and neighbours that they were married. However, the moral imperative to marry and the idea that marriage is a prerequisite for sexual relations or even parenthood have faded.

Another reason for the increase in cohabitation is structural, pertaining high divorce rate. With so many marriages failing, couples consider it sensible to try living together before making a formal commitment. Eight out of ten young people who say they expect to cohabit give this as their primary reason. In 90 percent of cohabitating couples, at least one partner expects to get married. Thus, people who cohabit typically view their relationship as part of the courtship process rather than as a long-term alternative to marriage. About 50 percent do get married; about 40 percent break up; and only about 10 percent stay together without ever getting married.

I. Translate the text into Ukrainian in writing.

All parts of the nervous system are interrelated. However, for purposes of anatomical discussion, the nervous system can be separated into the following divisions and subdivisions. The central nervous system includes all the nerves in the brain and spinal cord, and it contains the majority of the body neurons. Some of the very simplest stimulus response reflexes are carried out within the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves leading from the brain and spinal cord to the other parts of the body. The peripheral nervous system is further subdivided into the somatic system and the autonomic system. The nerves of the somatic system transmit information about external stimulation from the skin, muscles, and joints to the central nervous system: they make us aware of pain, pressure, and temperature variations. Nerves of the somatic system also carry impulses from the central nervous system back to the body parts, where they initiate action.