3.6. The Technology.

Analysis of technological components allows seeing the opportunities that the development of science and technology opens for the production of new products, to improve the products and for the modernization of technology of the manufacture and marketing of products. The progress of science and technology is in itself a great opportunity and not less than huge threat for a firm. Many organisations are not able to see that open new prospects, as well as technical capacities for the implementation of the fundamental changes mainly are created outside of the industry in which they operate. Late to modernization, they lose their share of the market, which may lead to extremely negative consequences for them. The technology is at the same time the internal variable and an external factor of great importance. Technological innovations affect the efficiency with which products you can produce and sell, on the speed of the obsolete product, on how to collect, store and distribute information, as well as to the fact, what kind of services and new products do consumers expect from the organization.

Rate of change of technology in the last decades of the very high and the researchers argue that this trend will be maintained. One of the reasons of this phenomenon consists in the fact that in our time on earth there are more scientists than they were in the world before. Some of the recent major technological innovations which deeply affect the organization of society, it is a computer, nuclear, micro-wave, semiconductor technology, integrated communication lines, robotics, satellite communications, nuclear energy, obtaining synthetic fuels and food, genetic engineering. Daniel Bell, a famous sociologist, believes that the future generations will be the most valuable innovation of technology of miniaturization. Today's innovations type of point of microelements and memory on the cylindrical magnetic domains make it possible storage on a floppy disk of the volume of information of which the first was required building with numerous filing blocks of the database. Semi conductors and microprocessors made easily available to small computers. They changed the nature of many products (for example, the digital clock replaced mechanical) and for the introduction of machines and devices of new types into new areas. [Management. Meskon M., M. Albert, F. Hedouri. Translator A. Bear. Publisher: Williams. ISBN 978-5-8459-1060-8, 0-0604-4415-0; 2009, p 246]

It is obvious, that the organizations, dealing directly with the technology of high-level, high-tech enterprise, should be in a position to respond quickly to new developments and offer themselves innovations. However, now, in order to remain competitive, all organizations have to go in a leg, at least, with those developments, which depend on the effectiveness of their activities.

3.7. The state of the economy.

Management must also be able to evaluate the effect on operations of the organization the common changes the state of the economy. The state of the economy affects the cost of all inputs and the ability of consumers to buy certain goods and services if, for example, is projected inflation management may consider desirable increase in inventories supplied organization of resources and to hold working talks on a fixed remuneration of labour with a view to curbing the growth of costs in the near future. It may also decide to make a loan because of the occurrence of the terms of payment the money will stand cheaper, and thus will be partially offset by the loss of the interest payment. If the projected economic downturn, the organization may prefer the way of reduction of stocks of finished products, as might have problems of its sales, to reduce the part of workers or postpone it until better times plans to expand the production.

The state of the economy can greatly affect the ability of the organisation of capital for their needs. This is mainly due to the fact that the federal government often tries to smooth out the consequences of deterioration of the economic situation by adjusting taxes the money supply and interest rate, set by the main state-owned bank. If the bank toughens terms for obtaining credit and increases the interest rate of the commercial banks should do the same thing, not to be out of the game. As a result become more difficult to obtain loans, and they cost the organization more expensive. Similarly, the reduction of taxes increases the mass of money that people can spend on purpose not the first necessity and, thereby, contribute to the stimulation of business.

It is important to understand that a specific change the state of the economy can have a positive impact on some and negative for the other organizations. If in an economic downturn shops, hotels, for example, in the wealthy suburbs, probably, nothing will feel the difference from the shops of retail trade. Organizations, leading the works in many countries, often consider the state of the economy particularly difficult and important for themselves aspect. Fluctuations of the exchange rate of the domestic currency relative to currencies of other countries were the reason for instant acquisition or loss of large firms million.