3.3. Capital.

For the growth and prosperity of the company needs not only suppliers of materials, but also of capital. Such several potential investors: banks, a program of the federal institutions on the proposal of loans, shareholders and private individuals, promissory notes of the company or buying its bonds. As a rule, the better the company, the greater its opportunities to negotiate with suppliers on favorable terms and get the desired exchange of funds. Obtaining the necessary financial resources ensures the company's stable operation.

Each firm always analyzes their financial situation and determines the sources of financing, namely:

* Allocation of capital as a whole on its own and borrowed depending on its profitability;

* Needs for long-term loans and short-term credits by types of countries, the conditions of obtaining and repayment;

* Sources of obtaining loans and credits;

* Calculation of cost of credit to the account of the discount rate and maturity structure of loans;

* Receipt of income from the storage of its own funds in banks.

3.4. Labour resources.

The adequate provision of manpower of necessary skills and qualifications necessary for the implementation of tasks connected with the achievement of the set goals, i.e. to the effectiveness of the organization as such. Without the people, capable to effectively use sophisticated technology, capital and materials, all of the above is of little use. Development of a number of industries currently constrained by the lack of the necessary specialists. An example is almost each sector of the computer industry, and this especially applies to firms in need of highly qualified technicians, experienced programmers and developers of systems.

The main concern of the modern organization became the selection and support of talented managers. D. Stebner in their study asked the leaders of a number of companies have the degree of importance to them 71 factor in relation to the last five years. In the number of factors are included: general management, finance, marketing, materials, production and finished products. The human resources above the others were quoted by two factors: the attraction of highly qualified top managers of the management and training of capable leaders within the firm.[ George A.Steiner Strategic Factors in Bussiness Sucess (New York: Financical Executives Resenrch Foundation, 1969).]

The fact that improvement of professional skill of the managers turned out to be the value is higher than the profit, customer service and the payment of appropriate dividends to the shareholders, a clear sign of the importance of the influx of this category of human resources in the organization. Support of talented managers is often the problem of negotiations with eye-to-eye with the candidates for the position, which are assumed to be high wages and benefits. For the most part, organizations try to solve the problem of securing the necessary human resources through training and support for their own staff.

By signing the agreement with the trade union, the company essentially agrees with the supplier of the labor force. The spread of trade unions is another evidence of the need to take into account external factors in solving internal problems. A few decades ago there were only a few trade unions, as a rule, weak. However, after the adoption in 1935. The law on labour relations between employer had to recognize trade unions, preferred by the majority of the workers, and it is with them to negotiate. At the present time, the unions in the United States represent about 17% of all American workers. If at the beginning of the trade unions unite only working, then at the present time their ranks have expanded at the expense of employees in the system of retail trade, public servants, teachers, and even some of the professors from colleges. The largest organization of type "General Motors" or "American Phone" may be forced to negotiate with many trade unions and consider human resources as a complex variable.

The law on labour relations, the Law of the Taft Hartley from 1947., who demanded from the union of fair conduct of negotiations with the employers, other legislative acts, as well as countless contracts; as a result of the negotiations between specific trade unions and employers, an immediate effect on some aspects of the internal activities of the organizations. Among other things, these documents determines who can and is obliged to perform certain tasks, who can support, who can be fired, demoted, transferred to another job, what norms of labour productivity should be established, what kind of training should be provided, what kinds of incentives have the right to offer guidance.

3.5. Laws and public authorities.

As described above, labour legislation was reflected in management. Many other laws and public institutions also affect the organization. Mainly in the private economy, interaction between buyers and sellers of each of the input and each giving the result product is subject to numerous legal limitations. Each organization has a certain legal status, being the sole owner, company, corporation or a non-profit corporation, and it defines how an organization may conduct their cases and what taxes should pay. For example, in 1983, swivel, having legal force, the decision allowed the company "American Phone" to produce and sell computers and shaped radio equipment and services for telecommunications systems. Before that the organization has the right to operate only as a company telephone communication. The number and complexity of laws, directly related to business, in the 20TH century has sharply increased. No matter how concerned the guide to these laws, it is necessary to adhere to them or reap the consequences of the refusal of compliance in the form of fines or even a complete cessation of business. The state of legislation often is characterized not only by its complexity, but also mobility, and sometimes even неопределе1нностью.

Organizations must respect not only the federal and local laws, but also the requirements of state regulatory bodies. These bodies shall ensure the enforcement of laws in the respective fields of its competence, as well as impose their own requirements, often also having the force of law. Each activity is regulated by certain authorities. [Management. Meskon M., M. Albert, F. Hedouri. Translator A. Bear. Publisher: Williams. ISBN 978-5-8459-1060-8, 0-0604-4415-0; 2009, p 246]

The uncertainty of today's legal field stems from the fact that the requirements of some of the institutions are in conflict with the requirements of the other, and at the same time, for each is the authority of the federal government, allowing the force to ensure the fulfilment of such requirements.

Additionally complicate matters governing the decisions of local authorities, the number of which also multiplying. Almost all local communities require enterprises to purchase licenses to restrict the possibilities for the selection of the location for the business, have the enterprise taxes, and if we are talking about energy, systems of telephone communications in place and insurance, and sets the prices. Some local laws modify or enhance the federal standards.