- •1. Stylistics as a linguistic discipline. The subject-matter and aims of stylistics.
- •2. Basic approaches to language investigation. The functions of language.
- •Stylistics and other linguistic disciplines.
- •4. Types of stylistics. Kinds of literary stylistics.
- •5. Basic notion of stylistics.
- •Variant-invariant
- •6. Stylistics and the information theory. Basic components of the information transmission model. Chief processes in the information transmission.
- •7. Style as a general semiotic notion. Different interpretations of style. Individual style.
- •8. Expressive means and stylistic devices as basic notions of stylistics.
- •9. The notion of norm. Relativity of norm
- •10. The theory of image. The structure of image.
- •11. The notion of context. Types of context
- •13. Belles letters style.
- •14. Publicistic style.
- •15. Scientific prose style.
- •16. The style of official documents.
- •17. Newspaper style.
- •18. Phonetic means of stylistics: English instrumentation and English versification.
- •Onomatopoeia
- •19. Graphical means of stylistics. Graphon.
- •20. Morphological means and devices of stylistics: sd based on the use of nouns; sd based on the use of articles.
- •21. Morphological means and devices of stylistics: sd based on the use of pronouns; sd based on the use of adjectives; sd based on the use of adverbs.
- •22. Morphological means and devices of stylistics: sd based on the use of verbs.
- •23. Word and its Semantic Structure
- •24. Types of connotative meaning.
- •25. Criteria for stylistic differentiation of the English vocabulary.
- •Words having a lexico-stylistic paradigm
- •Words having no iexico-stylistic paradigm
- •26. Stylistic functions of the words with a lexico-stylistic patadigm.
- •27. Stylistic functions of literary (high-flown) words.
- •Poetic diction.
- •Archaic words.
- •Barbarisms and foreign words.
- •28. Stylistic functions of conversational (low-flown) words
- •29. Stylistic functions of the words with no lexico-stylistic paradigm
- •30. Stylistic usage of phraseology.
- •31. The notion of expressive means and stylistic devices on the syntactical level.
- •32. Expressive means of English syntax based on the reduction of the sentence structure.
- •33. Expressive means of English syntax based on the rebundancy of the syntactical pattern.
- •34. Expressive means of English syntax based on the violation of the word order.
- •35. Stylistic devices of English syntax based on the interaction of syntactical constructions in context
- •36. Stylistic devices of English syntax based on the transposition of syntactical meaning in context.
- •37. Stylistic devices of English syntax based on the transposition of the types and means of connection between clauses and sentences.
- •38. General characteristics of stylistic semasiology. Semasiology vs onomasiology. Lexical semasiology vs stylistic semasiology. The notion of secondary nomination.
- •39. General characteristics of figures of substitution as semasiological expressive means. Classification of figures of substitution.
- •40. Figures of quantity.
- •41. Figures of quality: metonymical group.
- •42. Figures of quality: metaphoric group. Types of metaphor.
- •43. Figures of quality: epithet. Semantic and structural types of epithets.
- •44. Figures of quality: Irony. Context types of irony.
- •45. General characteristics of figures of combination as stylistic devices of semasiology.
- •46. Classification of figures of figures of combination.
- •47. Figures of identity (equivalence): simile, synonyms-substitutes and synonyms-specifiers.
- •48. Figures of opposition: antithesis, oxymoron.
- •49. Figures of inequality (non-equivalence): climax, anticlimax, pun, zeugma.
- •50 The notion of the text! Different approaches to the definition, Basic classifications of text models.
- •51 Basic notions of literary text
- •It is characterized by:
- •52 The notion of the author of the literary text. Internal and external aspects of the author’s presence. Author’s image as a textual category.
- •53 The narrator in a literary text. Types of narrators with regard to the author and with regard to the textual world.
- •54. The degree of the narrator’s presence in a literary text (degree of perceptability).
- •55 The notion of the narrative perspective (focalization). Types of narrative perspectives.
- •56 Facets of focalization (perceptive, psychological, ideological)
50 The notion of the text! Different approaches to the definition, Basic classifications of text models.
The definition comes from Latin”textum” means “fabric or connection” - any sequence of words ordered according to the rules of a given language system.
Text - is the largest communicative unit, complex sign system, a work of art that serves as means of communication and uses any sign system.
Text is defined as ‘a communicative occurance which needs seven standards of textuality (cohision,coherence,intentanality,acceptability,informativity,situationality,intertextuality).
Text have got two properties: coherence and cohesion. Coherence property is to give the sensation that one speaks of the same thing. Cohesion property is a group of mechanism to connect the parts of a text.
Text is the language in use which can be defined as a result of speech acts. Language is a system of mental association of elemanatry signs that exist in individual minds but serve the purpose of social interaction through speech.
Speech is the manifestation of the language system in the process of social intercourse.
Hermeneutics studies the process of understanding and interpreting texts.
R.Bogin “to understand the text” means:
To get to know the internal links of the text context
To comprehend its idea
To become familiar with thoughts, feelings realized in the text
To move towards the knowledge
To recreate the mentions of the author’s in the text
Stylistics deals with texts in two branches :
Lingual and literary stylistic.
Lingual stylistic introduced by Ihrel Baliy in his work “stylistic” covers the system of expressive means used for nomination and communication.
L. Spitzer (an Austrian philologist) laid the foundation of literary stylistic which focuses on the addresse , the message itself.
In Text theory text is a dynamic unit which is realized in real communication
Text linguistics studies aspects of the text:
1) ontologycal aspects concern the linguistic statues of the text, the character of the text’s existense;
2) Gnosiological shows the way the objective reality is reflected in the text
3) Linguistic aspect deals with linguistic make-up of the text
4) Pragmatic focuses on the way the author of the text views and interprets the objective reality
5) Psychological is oriented towards the reader perception of the text.
There are two types of text:
1) according to channel (oral and written)
2) according to structure message (literary, humanistic, scientific-technician, juridical, administrative, advertising, colloquial and journalistic).
Gindin differentiates three types of text models:
Fixed - in which the form and content are fixed; law agreements
Usual- which a certain compositional scheme of components;
Free or flexible which are not subject to a strict modeling: publicistic, fiction
51 Basic notions of literary text
Literary text is an imaginating creality or reality, a complex and multi faceted unity.
It has a dual nature, verbal and aesthetic which means - the analysis of the language and your attitude.
A literary text is called a second modelling system.