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II. Reading Comprehension

Read and translate the following text. Consult a dictionary if necessary.

Management

Management has as many definitions as there are managers. Management includes those personnel who have the right to make decisions that affect company’s affairs. Organization is the means by which management coordinates the efforts of employees to attain the company’s objectives. Organization involves structure. An organizational structure is a framework enabling management to delegate and control the responsibilities of individuals and departments. In this way, a company can function as a unit with the same efficiency as a business run by one person. Once organizational structure has been established, areas (and sub-areas) of activities, levels of authority, and duties must be clearly defined. Communication is of great importance in organizational structure. There are three management levels: top management, middle management and operating management. The most important responsibility of a manager at any level is decision making. Successful management is a matter of skill in choosing from alternatives. Decision making can be broken down into five components: recognizing the problem, defining and analyzing the problem, evaluating alternative solution, and implementing the approach chosen. The overall responsibility for decision making encompasses the following managerial functions: planning, organizing, directing, controlling, staffing and innovating. Planning. The process of establishing organizational goals and a strategy for their accomplishment is known as the planning function. Organizing. Once goals and strategies have been formulated, organizing makes things happen as planned. Directing. Directing is the motivational function. Controlling. The control function monitors the achievement of goals and compares actual results with those projected in planning as well as actual performance in past period. Staffing.

Staffing is the process of finding the right person for each job. Innovating. Innovating is the creative function. Successful managerial performance rests on three basic elements – leadership, motivation and communication.

In practical business, management is the art and science of getting things done through other people, but it also includes effective use of your own time.

Answer the questions:

                  1. Can you give the definition of the term “management”?

                  1. What is the role of organizational structure?

                  1. Name three management levels.

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                  1. What is the most important responsibility of any manager?

                  1. What are five components of decision-making?

III. Comprehension and Word Study

1. Translate into Russian:

effective use; to monitor the achievement of goals; to recognize the problem; decision making; organizational structure; to define the problem; to evaluate solution; to implement approach; motivational function; company’s affairs; to delegate responsibilities

2. Translate into English:

мотивация; принимать решения; достичь цели, стратегия; оценка альтерна­тивных решений; структура; распределять и контролировать обязанности; распознавание проблемы; внедрение; действительное выполнение; творче­ская функция; координировать усилия.

3. Complete the sentences:

                  1. Management includes those personnel who have … .

                  1. An organization is the means by which … .

                  1. An organizational structure is a framework enabling … .

                  1. Successful management is a … .

                  1. Decision making can be broken down into … .

                  1. The overall responsibility for decision making encompasses … .

                  1. Successful managerial performance rests on … .

                  1. In practical business, management is … .

4. Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the given words.

1. produce

a. Our ... of washing-machines increased by 5 % last year.

b. We have recently put on the market two new .... c.... per worker will increase with the introduction of the new machines.

d. Word processors have helped to make office workers more ....

e. The company is well known in the agricultural industry. It sells mainly farm ... – eggs, butter, milk, etc.

2. compete

a. Coca Cola's main ... is the Pepsi-Cola company.

b. We try to stay... by investing heavily in advertising and promotion.

c. Our company's main objective is to keep ahead of the ....

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3. plan

a. The meeting did not go as ....

b. Some projects take years of....

c. Before asking a bank manager for money, it is wise to show him a business ....

4. analyze

a. Managers need to have an ... mind.

b. Our... showed that we needed to put more emphasis on marketing.

c. We must look at the problem ....

5. rely

a. He is a very ... worker.

b. I am ... informed that he'll be promoted soon.

c. Her main quality is her ....

d. My assistant is someone who can be ... on.

6. criticize

a. The report has been received very ... by top management.

b. The Personnel Director is an outspoken ... of our reorganization.

c. I thought her ... were unfair and not based on fact.

7. employ

a. Most... in an organizations can benefit from training.

b. ... is almost 8 % in my country that's far too high.

c. The ... are entitled to various social security payments.

d. He's fairly old and hasn't had a job for years. I'd say he's virtually....

8. decide

a. Being a currency dealer in a bank, she has to make quick ....

b. Because we were ..., we wasted time and lost the contract.

c. I haven't... yet whether to leave my present job but I must make up my mind soon.

9. sure

a. Performance appraisals help to ... that promising staff are not overlooked for promotion.

b. At my interview, my boss ... me that I had a bright future in the company. c.... you agree she's one of the high fliers in the department.

10. skill

a. The Chairman was ... at avoiding answering awkward questions.

b. The ... workers in the Production Department are well paid.

c. To be a good manager, you need many ....

d. The... workers in our company are the lowest paid because they need no training for their jobs.

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5. Complete the sentences with the words from the box below.

Responsibility, strategy, long-term, subordinates, manager, liaison, management, perspective, activities, to appraise.

                  1. General managers are concerned with ... formulation and implementation.

                  1. In a small one-person business, the chief decision maker has to be a general ....

                  1. The general manager is an individual who has ... for a business.

                  1. The responsibilities of a general manager usually include ... planning for new products, etc.

                  1. The general manager must find and train competent ....

                  1. The general manager is a ... among the various functional areas of the business.

                  1. The general manager must be especially competent in human resources ....

                  1. The general manager must be able the company objectively.

                  1. Sometimes subordinates disagree with the chief because they lack a broad ....

10. He must coordinate the various ... of the company.