1. 2. Adaptation of English Borrowings in Modern Ukrainian Language and Some Issues of Interlingual Relations: the State of the Problem.

Over the past decade greatly expanded social, political, economic, scientific and cultural ties between the peoples. This process could not affect the development of languages of different nations. In this regard, the lexical composition of different languages became more updated with the help of borrowings. Ukrainian language is not an exception. A kind of "champion" among the world's languages that are sources of borrowings is English. Its role in the modern world in the development process the exchange of scientific and technical information can be compared only with the role of Latin in the Middle Ages. Its role in the modern world in the development process of the exchanging of scientific and technical information can be compared only with the role of Latin in the Middle Ages. English is a kind of Latin because so many loans were given only by the Latin and possibly Greek.

Borrowings are actively involved in lexical systems of different languages and belong to different spheres of life. Particularly is being in the progress the process of borrowing terms of different fields of science and technology. There is also a "boom" in the sharing of common language and vocabulary, that expresses the concept of culture source language.

Due to the huge number of loans that are coming into the Ukrainian language, linguists are appeared before the important and unresolved problem: the study of features of its phonetic-spelling, lexical, grammatical and semantic adaptation in the language-recipient. This problem is closely connected with general problems of language contacts and linguistic interference which were studied by V.Y. Rosenzweig / 1972 1975 /. Theoretical aspects of borrowings transmission to the source language, including practical problems of transcription, were treated by A. V. Superanska / 1962, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1978 /.

The problems of transferring Anglicism’s were more deeply studied in Russian rather than in Ukrainian language. The researchers have examined various aspects of Anglicism’s adaptation as proper names and vocabulary appellative as well: V. M. Aristova / 1963, 1978, 1980 /, V. Y. Martynek / 1974 1975 /, V. I. Kuznetsov / 1960, 1965 /, L. P. Krysin / 1968 /, T. K. Yelizova / 1978 /, L. N. Sorokina / 1980, 1986, 1988 /, S. Belyaeva / 1984 /, G. G. Timofeyeva / 1988, 1. 1 /, I. A. Voronova / 1989. 1 /, Z. S. Loginova / 1978 /, A. Liashenko / 1975 /, V. N. Matyushonok / 1983 /, G. G. Tremasova / 1 /, Y. V. Larionov / 1.

English is known to be the source of borrowings almost all over the European and many non-European languages. Professor R. Filipov one of the most modern world linguists, over the past decades studied carefully the impact of the English language on the other world languages. He is the author of the lingual project "The English element in the European languages, which involved studying the influence of English borrowings into European languages and the compilation of bilingual and multilingual Anglicism’s dictionaries in various languages of Europe. This project was studied by many outstanding modern linguists and considerable success was achieved on the basis of Anglicism’s of some European languages. The problem of Anglicism’s adaptation in some European languages attracts much attention of linguists. Anglicism’s in French language were studed by I. Karsavinoyu / 1962 /, A. M. Rochnyak / 1968 /, M. K. Bragin / 1969 /, K. L. Egorova / 1971, 1976 /, A. I. Cherednichenko / 1980 /, M. Lefevr / 1987 /, E. D. Fedchenko / 1 /, T. N. Heiko /1993/. Problems in German Anglicism’s attracted attention of A. I. Dmytrovska / 1966, 1968, 1969, 1973 /, and A. I. Smyetskoho /1991/. In Scandinavian languages, particularly in Sweden, Anglicism’s were studied by A. G. Goering / 1976 /, A. Yuksti /1990/. Anglicism’s in Spanish were considered by V. S. Vinogradov / 1987 / in Latvian - N. Baldunchiks / 1983 /, Estonia - J. Aino / 1971 /, Bulgaria - A. Danchev / 1981 /, Serbo-Croatian - R. Filipov / 1974 /, Japan - I. Shapiro / 1973 /.

A huge number of Anglicism’s are also borrowed by the Ukrainian language. Some of its aspects of adaptation and functioning were studied by linguists. In particular, etymological identification of Anglicism’s was treated by Y. A. Holdovansky / 1981, 1983, 1985. Phonographic adaptation of English anthroponyms in the Ukrainian language was studied by A. G. Hudmanyanom / 1988, 1, 1 / and place names – V. I. Mozgova / 1979 1986 /. Word building problems based on the Anglicism’s were considered by S. Y. Ryzhikova / 1976, 1980. But if on the problems of phonographic adaptation of the British proper names there are more fundamental researches, the consideration of this problem based on appellative vocabulary is limited mainly by the small amount of journal publications [13; p. 23].

English language due to the linguistic contacts replenishes itself intensively by borrowings. Number of the loans from each language implemented into English, of course, is not comparable to the huge number of words, it gives other languages. However, increasing contacts between English-speaking countries and other countries gives the reason to anticipate that this process will steadily increase. Common borrowing problems from the local scientists in the English language system was considered by V. P. Syekirin / 1964 1975 /. The research work of the French borrowings in English were studied by A. V. Yadova / 1959 /, N. N. Kilimova / 1959 /, M. Brofman / 1960 /, IM Crane / 1965 /, N. Ishchenko / 1980 /, T. I. Cheremsina / 1980 /, German - M .S. Korobov / 1967 /, Scandinavian and Italian - Zavhorodnyev / 1980 1987 /, Spanish - T. A. Vakulnyk / 1977 /, Turkish - R. M. Butina / 1971 /, Indian - G. N. Karpov / 1972 / and P. Plechko / 1985.

The English vocabulary was also influenced by the Russian and Ukrainian languages. Russian borrowings in English were studied by V. I. Fadeev / 1969 /, L. A. Ponomarenko / 1961, 1972, 1980 /, N. C. Shymova / 1982, 1984, 1989 /. Problems of transferring of the Ukrainian proper names / place names and anthroponyms / into English language were viewed by B. M. Azhnyuk / 1993/ and I. V. Korunets / 1993/. Y. Zhluktenko / 1964, 1967, 1990 devoted many works to the study of Ukrainian-English interlingual relations of the interference of these two language systems.

Let’s consider more detaily problem of the phonetic spelling transmission of the Anglicism’s in the Ukrainian appellative vocabulary. It is extremely important, because in order to pronounce, write and cancel Anglicism’s correctly it is required the knowledge of the norms and principles. In recent years, phonetic and orthographic level of the borrowings adaptation became an independent aspect of the learning the foreign language vocabulary. This new direction in the loan study was opened by V. Aristov / 1996/. Therefore Anglicism spelling is the original multidisciplinary system, the base of which, as in the spelling words of the language-recipient is represented through some principles, but these are the other principles; These principles are based not on the spelling rules, but on the ways of transferring the loans in the host language which are implement with the held of the system of graphics and phonetic-graphical matches of the source language and recipient one [15; p. 4].

Most researchers agree that there are four main ways to enter a written form of the borrowed word into the text of the recipient language: transplantation, transliteration, transcription, and transformation. The heart of the transplantation is a graphic principle of mechanical transference the lexical unit from one to another [15; p. 2].

In the transliteration the primary is also a graphic principle, which is based on the graphical Anglo-Ukrainian matches that are used when entering Anglicism’s into the recipient language. The method of the practical transcription is a compromise between the transliteration and transcription, it captures the sound shell of the foreign words in writing. Due to the imperfections of the practical transcription V. M. Aristova / 1978 / defines a new way to insert Anglicism into the text of the recipient language - transposition. Unlike the practical way of transcription, based on several principles, phonetic principle is based only on transposition - the fixation of the pronounced English word in a written form.

Thus, the range of problems associated with the adaptation of the Anglicism’s in the Ukrainian language is quite broad. Most of these issues are extremely important in modern linguistics and are waiting for its solution.