- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
1336 Index
pumps
– atmospheric peroxide bleaching system
867
– medium consistency 617–619
Purdue model, kraft cooking kinetics
198–199
pure liquid, shear stress 1248
purification 959–962
– cold alkali 934, 948
– cold caustic extraction 935
– degree 953, 959
– efficiency after hot caustic extraction 948
– Eucalyptus prehydrolysis-kraft pulp
943–944
– extractives 960–961
– hardwood sulfite pulp 943
– hot 934
– hot caustic extraction 935
– kappa number 960–961
– levels 954
– phases 955
– pulp 933–966
– pulp viscosity 959
– selectivity 363
– Visbatch® process 363
purification efficiency
– NaOH concentration 946
– PHK pulp 942
– sulfite pulp 942
purification yield 958
– alkali resistances 958
– R18 content 963
– R18 dependence 956
– xylan content 958
purified cotton linters, influence of salts on
degregation 709
purity levels, eucalyptus prehydrolysis-kraft
pulp 944
pyranosyl cation 416
pyrolysis, organic material 992
PZ treatments 1038
q
QC see quality control
QPQP bleaching 267–271
– brightness development as function of
consumed OXE 271
quality control, fundamentals 1213–1218
quality profile, dissolving pulp 1023
quality requirements, mechanical pulp 1143
quercetin, formation from taxifolin under acid
sulfite conditions 426
Quercus 37
Quercus alba, inorganic composition 40
Quercus nigra, pulp yield–kappa number
relationship in soda-AQ cook 321
Quercus robur
– average cell dimensions 52
– extractives 35
– obligate heartwood formation 57
Quercus rubra, kinetic parameters for xylan
water prehydrolysis 333
quinoid structures
– elimination by alkaline hydrogen peroxide
875
– lignin 857
– residual lignin 174
quinone-methide
– addition of hydrogen sulfide 167
– formation 166
– LUMO-distribution 166
– reduction 170
quinone-methide intermediate
– chlorine bleaching 747
– lignin 856
r
R-values see alkali resistances
R10 see alkali resistances
R18
– lignin content 1230
– see also alkali resistances
R2 process, chlorine dioxide generation 742
radial concentration profile
– Kazi and Chornet diffusion model of
Impregnation 153
– numerical solution of diffusion equation
162–163
radial diffusion coefficient
– as function of NaOH concentration 145
– Poplar 144
radial impregnation, NaOH concentration
profile 155
radiation degradation, molecular weight
reduction 1059
radical formation 792, 829
radical part, ozone reactions 791
radical reactions 792
radical-scavenging
– methanol 821
– organic solvents 822
radical-type chain reactions 789
radical yield 812
Radiclone AM, Noss 606
Radiscreen, Noss 603–604
Raditrim, Noss 604
Index 1337
raised roll thickness screen 91–92
Raman spectroscopy 117, 178
Raoult’s law 970
rapid displacement heating see RDH
rare sugar, yield as function of H-factor 438
rattan, cell types 50
Rauma three-stage sulfite cook
– a-cellulose as function of third stage pH
and temperature 471
– pH, temperature and pressure course 471
raw material
– mechanical pulp 1075–1078
– paper 1153–1156
– pulp production 21–63
– storage 69–71
– unsuitable 1157
rays
– hardwoods 54
– softwoods 51
RDH 9
– cooking cycle 373
– effective alkali profile 276–277
– hydraulic cook 275
– results 275–280
– sulfide ions concentration 278
– technology and equipment 372–373
RDH pulp
– HexA content 278–279
– xylan content 255
reaction conditions
– acid sulfite pulping process chemistry
449–464
– pulp quality 953–962
reaction enthalpy, kraft recovery boiler 984
reaction kinetics, crystallinity 1262–1263
reaction wood 54–56
reactive oxygen species see ROS
reactivity
– bleaching chemicals 611
– chlorite ions 739
– lignin model compounds 635
– lignin structures 634–641
– pulp specification 1060
reactors 827
– atmospheric downflow 624–625
– atmospheric peroxide bleaching system
867
– atmospheric upflow 623–624
– medium consistency 623–627
– pressurized 625–627
– pressurized peroxide bleaching system
866
rechipper 86–87
reclaimer, chip storage 102–103
recovered paper 1147–1210
– annual flow in comparison to virgin paper
15
– basic statistics 1165–1176
– collection 1165, 1170, 1177–1182
– cycle, Europe 1184
– demand, Germany 1160
– different rates 1173
– future development 1175–1176
– global trade, expected 1172
– grades 1157–1164, 1203–1210
– handling 1187–1190
– industrial volume 1153
– Japan 1161, 1163
– naming criteria 1158
– nonpaper components 1204
– outthrow materials 1162
– prohibitive materials 1162
– recycling rate 1165, 1173–1175
– sorted 1189
– sorting, handling, and storage 1187–1190
– sources 1183–1186
– unusable materials 1204
– usage 1151
recovered paper utilization
– CEPI countries 1161
– global development 1148
– rate 1165, 1167–1168
– rate for different paper grades 1169
recovery 967–997
recovery boiler see kraft recovery boiler
recovery furnace, black liquor 968
recovery rate 1170–1173
recovery systems, sulfite compounds
994–995
recycled fibers 1147–1210
– relevance as paper raw material
1153–1156
recycled fibers use, legislation 1191–1210
recycling, waste strategy 1192
recycling rate, recovered paper 1173–1175
red hickory, average moisture content 125
red maple, chemical composition of wood 23
redox cycle, laccase mediator-system 887
redox mechanisms, lignin 319
redox potential
– dioxygen 643
– in kraft pulp with polysulfide
pretreatment 310
reducing end-groups
– chains scissions 1058
– peeling reactions 660–662