- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
Impregnation 153
– numerical solution of diffusion equation
162–163
axial impregnation, NaOH concentration
profile 154
axial parenchyma
– hardwoods 54
– softwoods 51
axial velocity profile, hydrocyclone 581
AZP sequence 949
b
B.I.R. see Bureau International de la
Recuperation
baldcypress, average moisture content 125
balsam fir, chemical composition of wood 23
bamboo fibers, cell dimensions and chemical
composition 4
BAR see benzilic acid rearrangement
bark
– lignins 33
– selective removal 593
bark and chips, waste generation 105
bark cells 1076
barrier separation 563
base flow, hydrocyclone 579–580
basic statistics, recovered paper 1165–1176
Basidiomycetes, alternative bleaching
methods 886
bast fibers, cell dimensions and chemical
composition 4
batch cooking
– comparison of results 274–295
– equipment in comparison to continuous
cooking 366
– standard 229–234
– technology and equipment 367–376
batch digesters 367–368
Bauer-McNett apparatus, fiber fractionation
1274
beating, pulp 1281
beating resistance, pulp 1011
beech, chemical composition 360, 451
– density and void volume 128
– Visbatch® process conditions 365
– viscosity–H-factor relationship 452
beech acid sulfite dissolving pulp 806
– drying conditions 1056
beech magnesium acid sulfite cook
– carbohydrate derived components as
function of H-factor 447
– cellulose, R10/R18 and H-factor 442
– b- and c-cellulose as function of H-factor
443
– COOH and xylan content 441
– dissolved wood components and
degradation products 446
– H-factor–SO2 amount relation 435
– pulp composition 439
– residual xylan–H-factor relation 444
– wood component yield 438
beech sulfite cooks, pulp and spent liquor
compositions 448
beech sulfite dissolving pulp
– alkalization 938
– degree of crystallinity 1042
– differential MWD 845, 1040
– PZ-treatment 1040
– ZP-treatment 1039
beechwood
– carbohydrates and xylose concentration in
prehydrolysis 336
– composition 330
– kinetic parameters for prehydrolysis weightloss
332
– water prehydrolysis wood yield temporal
development 331
– see also Fagus sylvatica
beechwood acid magnesium bisulfite pulping,
HSO3
––H-factor relation 460
beechwood acid sulfite cooking, wood
components degradation 437–449
beechwood sulfite dissolving pulp,
Viscosity–extinction 433
belt conveyor, log handling 98
belt washers, pulp washing equipment
551–552
benzilic acid rearrangement 176
benzylium cation
– electron density distribution 409
– formation 409
– LUMO-distribution 409
benzylium ion, condensation reaction with
weakly nucleophilic resonance form 415
BET method 1267
Betula 37
Betula papyrifera
– chemical composition of wood 23
– inorganic composition 40
– kinetic parameters for xylan water
prehydrolysis 333
Betula pendula
– black liquor composition 968
– chemical composition 360, 451
Index 1295
Betula verrucosa
– chemical composition of wood 23
– diffusion coefficient 148–149
– hemicelluloses, nonglucosic units 29
Bevan, Edward J. 7
bicarbonate-buffered peroxide solutions,
stablity in water 863
bio-refinery 994
biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) 72, 629,
1001, 1005, 1138
– increased 72
biodegradation plants, effluent treatment
1001
biological oxygen demand 1138
biomass, yearly production 15
birch
– black liquor composition 968
– chemical composition 360, 451
– diffusion coefficient 148–149
– Lo-Solids™ laboratory cooks 301–302
– Visbatch® process conditions 365
– viscosity–H-factor relationship 452
birch lignin 33
birch wood 37
bisulfite, pH range 393
bisulfite-acid sulfite process 468–469
bisulfite-MgO process 467–468
bisulfite-neutral sulfite process 468–469
bisulfite processes 466–471
bisulfite(-soda) cook, aspen 468
bitternut hickory, average moisture content
125
Bjerrum diagram, conventional kraft cook
118
black cooks 406
black liquor
– acetic acid 968
– aliphatic carboxylic acids 968
– alkalinity 120
– boiling point 970
– characterization 967–970
– chemical composition 967–970
– composition 120, 967–970
– density 971
– 3-deoxypentonic acid 968
– dry solids content 971
– dynamic viscosity 136
– evaporation 974–980
– excess heat capacity 973
– fatty acids 967
– fiber removal 371, 380
– formic acid 968
– gasification 18, 992–994
– glucoisosacharinic acid 968
– glycolic acid 968
– heat capacity 973
– heating values 969
– hot see hot black liquor
– 2-hydroxybutanoic acid 968
– kraft pulping 111–112
– kraft recovery boiler 985
– lactic acid 968
– neutralization curve 121
– organic constituents 967
– physical properties 970–973
– pre-thickening 975
– recovery furnace 968
– regeneration 112
– resin 967
– surface properties 136
– surface tension 971
– thermal conductivity 972
– viscosity 970–973
– warm black liquor 372–376
– water content 979
– xyloisosaccharinic acid 968
– see also liquor(s), white liquor
black liquor dissolved polysaccharides 967
black liquor solids 983
– heating values 969
black spruce
– effect of steam pressure during presteaming
130
– kraft pulp sheets 800
black wattle, chemical composition of wood
23
bleach plant liquor circulation 887–894
bleachability 634
– b-aryl ether structures 265
– AS pulp 478
– ASAM pulp 273
– chromophore groups 726
– correlation with b-aryl ether structures
content 265
– influence of modified kraft cooking
264–274
– MCC-cooked pulp 296
– TCF pulp bleaching 267
bleached chemical pulp, global production
10
bleached commercial paper pulp
– fiber dimensions 1021
– molecular weight distribution 1019
bleached hardwood sulfite pulp, reflectance
and absorption coefficient spectra 611
bleached kraft pulp, emission levels 1005