- •Recovered Paper and Recycled Fibers
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •2006, Isbn 3-527-30997-7
- •Volume 1
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •4.1 Introduction 109
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction 185
- •4.3.1 Introduction 392
- •5.1 Introduction 511
- •6.1 Introduction 561
- •6.2.1 Introduction 563
- •6.4.1 Introduction 579
- •Volume 2
- •7.3.1 Introduction 628
- •7.4.1 Introduction 734
- •7.5.1 Introduction 777
- •7.6.1 Introduction 849
- •7.10.1 Introduction 887
- •8.1 Introduction 933
- •1 Introduction 1071
- •5 Processing of Mechanical Pulp and Reject Handling: Screening and
- •1 Introduction 1149
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •150.000 Annual Fiber Flow[kt]
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Void volume
- •Void volume fraction
- •Xylan and Fiber Morphology
- •Initial bulk residual
- •4.2.5.1 Introduction
- •In (Ai) Model concept Reference
- •Initial value
- •Validation and Application of the Kinetic Model
- •Inititial
- •Viscosity
- •Influence on Bleachability
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Impregnation
- •Introduction
- •International
- •Impregnation
- •Influence of Substituents on the Rate of Hydrolysis
- •140 116 Total so2
- •Xylonic
- •Viscosity Brightness
- •Xyl Man Glu Ara Furf hoAc XyLa
- •Initial NaOh charge [% of total charge]:
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •Introduction
- •Introduction
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •In 1950, about 50% of the global paper production was produced. This proportion
- •4.0% Worldwide; 4.2% for the cepi countries; and 4.8% for Germany.
- •1150 1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •1 Introduction
- •Virgin fibers
- •74.4 % Mixed grades
- •Indonesia
- •Virgin fibers
- •Inhomogeneous sample Homogeneous sample
- •Variance of sampling Variance of measurement
- •1.Quartile
- •3.Quartile
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Insoluble
- •Integral
- •In Newtonion liquid
- •Velocity
- •Increasing dp
- •2Α filter
- •0 Reaction time
- •Increasing interaction of probe and cellulose
- •Increasing hydrodynamic size
- •Vessel cell of beech
- •Initial elastic range
- •Internal flow
- •Intact structure
- •Viscosity 457
- •Isbn: 3-527-30999-3
- •1292 Index
- •Visbatch® pulp 354
- •Index 1293
- •1294 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Viscosity–extinction 433
- •Index 1295
- •1296 Index
- •Index 1297
- •Inhibitor 789
- •1298 Index
- •Index 1299
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •1300 Index
- •Industries
- •Index 1301
- •1302 Index
- •Index 1303
- •Xylose 463
- •1304 Index
- •Index 1305
- •1306 Index
- •Index 1307
- •1308 Index
- •In conventional kraft cooking 232
- •Visbatch® pulp 358
- •Index 1309
- •In prehydrolysis-kraft process 351
- •Visbatch® cook 349–350
- •1310 Index
- •Index 1311
- •1312 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1313
- •Viscosity 459
- •Interactions 327
- •1314 Index
- •Index 1315
- •Viscosity 459
- •1316 Index
- •Index 1317
- •Xylose 461
- •Index 1319
- •Visbatch® pulp 355
- •Impregnation 151–158
- •1320 Index
- •Index 1321
- •1322 Index
- •Xylan water prehydrolysis 333
- •Index 1323
- •1324 Index
- •Viscosity 459
- •Index 1325
- •Xylose 940
- •1326 Index
- •Index 1327
- •In selected kinetics model 228–229
- •4OMeGlcA 940
- •1328 Index
- •Index 1329
- •Intermediate molecule 164–165
- •1330 Index
- •Viscosity 456
- •Index 1331
- •1332 Index
- •Impregnation liquor 290–293
- •Index 1333
- •1334 Index
- •Index 1335
- •1336 Index
- •Impregnation 153
- •Index 1337
- •1338 Index
- •Viscose process 7
- •Index 1339
- •Volumetric reject ratio 590
- •1340 Index
- •Index 1341
- •1342 Index
- •Index 1343
- •1344 Index
- •Index 1345
- •Initiator 788
- •Xylose 463
- •1346 Index
- •Index 1347
- •Vessel 385
- •Index 1349
- •1350 Index
- •Xylan 834
- •1352 Index
In selected kinetics model 228–229
– diffusion model with cylindrical
symmetries 162–163
O
oak species 37
ODE see ordinary differential equation
offgas
– medium-consistency ozone delignification
system 826
– pressurized peroxide bleaching system
867
OH– see hydroxide ion
old growth redwood, average moisture
content 125
olefins, ozone reactions 793
oleoresin, softwood species 35
oligosaccharides
– fractionation 1230
– in water prehydrolyzate from beechwood
340
4OMeGlcA 940
once-through gas management 828
one-stage acid sulfite cooking
– material balance for different wood
species 458
– parameters 452
one-stage oxygen-delignified pulp 631
Onsager see Debye–Huckel–Onsager equation
opacity 1280
open-air chip storage 101
open rotor 564
operating parameters, screening 575–578
operating variables, base case study 697
OQP sequence, effect on ligin structure 858
orange liquor 311
ordinary differential equation 159, 229
organic chlorine
– formation kinetics 772
– low pH 753
organic compounds
– dissolving pulp 1026–1033
– volatile 1002
organic constituents, black liquor 967
organic halogen, adsorbable see AOX
organic solutes, effect on ozone
concentration 788
organic solvents 342
organochlorine compounds
– commercial paper-grade pulp 1014
– see also OX
organohalogen, dissolving pulp
characterization 1061
organosolv pulping 16
osmosis, molar mass determination 1243
osmotic pressure, evaluation 1244
outlet consistency (NStd), standardized 545
outthrow materials, recovered paper 1162
overall selectivity, optimum 728
overflow, hydrocyclone 579–580
oversized logs, waste generation 105
OX 17, 628, 764, 767–777, 882, 1001, 1061
Ox-Dem see oxymercuration-demercuration
oxalic acid, ozone treatment 821
OXE 70, 264–265, 314, 705, 716
– bleaching chemicals 612–613
– formation during bleaching 847
– ITC-type and ASAM pulp 273
– QPQP bleaching 271
oxidants, extraction stage 869
oxidation
– amount of reagent 1227
1328 Index
– veratryl-b-guaiacyl ether 751
oxidation capacity 612
oxidation equivalents see OXE
oxidation potential
– hydrogen peroxide 852
– wasted 740
oxidative bleaching, carbonyl groups 1041
oxidative degradation, relative degradation
acid frequencies 637
oxidative peeling 177
– cellulose chain 663
oxidimetry, operating principle 1221
oxidizable impurities, removal 831
oxidizing power, ozone 779
oxime method, functional groups
determination 1236–1237
oxiran, nucleophilic opening 171
oxirane intermediates 858
oxygen 641–649
– autoxidation 644–645
– consumption 707, 869
– mass transfer to pulp fibers 688
– oxidation capacity (OXE) 613
– phenoxyl radical formation 650
– reduction energetics 643
– single O2–excited state 645–646
– solubility under equilibrium conditions
692
– see also dioxygen
oxygen-alkali bleaching, intial step 633
oxygen charge
– delignification process 707
– effect on delignification 700
– two-stage delignification operating
conditions 730
oxygen delignification 675, 681, 948, 950,
952
– alkali charge 703
– bleaching 628–734
– chemistry 632–670
– comparison between model and
experiment 683
– effect of carry-over 718–719
– efficiency in relation to P-factor 259
– first commercial application 727
– flowsheet 689
– industrial 688, 722
– ITC-type and ASAM pulp 274
– kappa number 258, 678, 684, 721
– kinetics 671
– kraft pulp 701, 759–761
– mass transfer 671
– paper-grade pulp 728
– P-factor 259
– pH Value 704
– pine pulp 667
– power law kinetic parameters 677, 679
– principal reaction schema 649–656
– process variables 701
– pulp bleaching 628
– residual xylan content, delignification
efficiency and chain scissions number 260
– selectivity 629, 702, 720–721
– softwood kraft pulp 713, 723
– temperature effect 813
– under mass tranfer limitation 698
– xylan 260
oxygen-delignified pulp 631
oxygen gas management 828
oxygen-oxygen bond, cleavage activation
energy 851
oxygen pressure, delignification process 707
oxygen susceptibility (relative), lignin model
compounds 640
oxymercuration-demercuration kappa
number 723
OxyTrac system 730
OZE-bleached pulp 825
ozonation 840, 1038
– degree of 840
– low pH 812
– rate 801
ozone
– charge 834, 1039–1040
– concentration 785
– consumption 803, 817, 831
– consumption rate 803
– consumption yield 804
– containing gas 806
– decomposition 786–790
– delignification 777–849
– dissolved 798
– generation 782–785
– oxidation capacity 613
– oxidation equivalents (OXE) 264
– physical properties 778–782
– radical reactions 792
– reactivity with pulp fibers 807
– resonance structures 779
– self-decomposition 811
ozone bleaching 793, 798
– basic considerations 829–830
– comparison of different stages 843–846
– efficiency 784
– installations 810
– medium-consistency 805