4. Some philosophers divide ... universe into ... mind and ... matter, and believe that... matter is only ... illu- sion.

5. What is ... matter? You look as if you had seen ... ghost? Or have you had ... accident?

6. ... people tend to behave like ... sheep when they are in ... crowd.

7. In ... answer to your letter of ... sixteenth of ... month, we have to inform you that we are out of ... stock of ... articles you require.

8.1 asked him for ... information. He replied with ... great promptitude and gave me ... advice as well as ... information that I needed.

9. ... good and ... evil are to be found in ail... parts of ... world.

10. ... good go to ... Heaven and ... wicked end in ... Hell.

11. ... goodness of his intentions was matched only by ... folly of his actions. Thank ... goodness he has now retired from ... business!

12. He has ... keen eye for ... business and every year his firm makes ... greater profit.

13. You must learn to keep ... business and ... plea- sure apart.

14. We hope to have ... pleasure of ... visit from ... representative of yours very soon.

15. At ... great inconvenience to himself he showed ... visitors all... sights of ... town.

16. Out of ... sheer ignorance he made ... mistake af- ter ... mistake, so that in ... end ... manager dismissed him.

17. He displayed ... wisdom and ... patience that would have done ... credit to ... Solomon.

18. By ... way of ... retort, he made ... rude remark in ... language that was not fit for ... ears of ... young.

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2 516 Упражнений

9. Throughout... ups and ... downs of ... long and ... useful life he maintained ... equable temper,... sense of ... humour and ... kindly disposition.

10. ... crossing ... Atlantic by ... plane takes only ... few hours nowadays; ... first, crossing from ... East to ... West was made by ... British flyers Alcock and Brown in 1919, about... year after ... First World War ended.

21.1 came here by ... car, as ... friend of mine offered to give me ... lift. I have made ... journey in ... car be- fore but never in such ... comfort, for ... car my friend owns is ... most luxurious one, perhaps ... most luxuri- ous car on ... market today.

22. You can travel by ... rail or ... road; you will find that ... former is less expensive but ... latter is ... more rapid way.

23. "... more haste, ... less speed" is ... proverb to re- member when you are in ... hurry on ... crowded road, otherwise you may end in ... hospital.

24. We had ... soup, ... fish, ... roast beef and ... sweet for ... lunch before ... meeting held in ... honour of... new Chairman.

25. Lend me ... hand, will you? I have bought... fur niture for ... drawing-room and I want to arrange it be fore ... family returns home, so that it will be ... sur prise for them.

26. ... men live in ... society and they must be pre pared to sacrifice ... little personal freedom to ... nee for ... law and ... order, otherwise there would be .. chaos and we should all live in ... state of... strife and .. anarchy.

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Мужской род	Женский род
actor	actress
tiger	tigress
lion	lioness
waiter	waitress i

Слова — показатели рода Мужской род	Женский род
man-doctor врач man-servant слуга turey-cock индюк he-bear медведь	woman-doctor женщина-врач maid-servant служанка turkey-hen индейка she-bear медведица

Упражнение 1. К приведенным ниже существи- тельным мужского рода укажите соответствующие существительные женского рода.

A man, a boy, a brother, an uncle, a husband, a fa- ther, a grandfather, a poet, a lion, a tiger, a son,

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book	books
lamp	lamps
part	parts
roof	roofs
sea	seas
box	boxes
coach	coaches
wolf	wolves

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bush	bushes
box	boxes
bus	buses
class	classes
slice	slices

Существительные, оканчивающиеся на соглас- ную +Y, на гласную +Y party	parties
country	countries
boy	boys
day	days

Упражнение 4. Образуйте множественное число сле- дующих существительных.

A dish, a fork, a knife, a pen, a desk, an armchair, п land, a house, a horse, an Indian, a dog, a game, л lion, an eagle, a road.

Упражнение 5. Образуйте единственное число сле- дующих существительных.

Stars, trees, wolves, plates, sentences, rats, chairs, books, pencils, watches, babies, horns, cups, glasses, cities, villages.

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cargo	cargoes
potato	potatoes
solo	solos

Имена существительные, заимствованные из гре- ческого и латинского языков, сохраняют формы множественного числа, свойственные этим языкам. datum	data
basis	bases

Образование множественного числа следующих существительных следует запомнить. a man	men
a woman	women
a child	children
a tooth	teeth
afoot	feet
a mouse	mice
an ox	oxen
a phenomenon	phenomena
a curriculum	curricula
an Englishman	Englishmen
a Frenchman	Frenchmen
a German	Germans

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ш

Упражнение 6. Образуйте множественное число еле- дующих существительных.

A phenomenon, a deer, a canto, a goose, a swine, a mouse, a sheep, a radius, a foot, a tooth, a child, a man, a woman, a deer.

Упражнение 7. Переведите предложения на англий- ский язык.

1. Он провел несколько недель на Майорке. 2. Мы починили старую машину. 3. Этот двигатель отра- ботал 50 часов. 4. На этой улице всего несколько домов. 5. Одна из чашек нового сервиза была вчера разбита. 6. Он уехал в командировку на два дня.

7. Нам нужно вырыть яму глубиной полтора метра.

8. В этих городах еще нет электричества. 9. Возле нашей двери стоит какой-то человек.

Упражнение 8. Укажите глаголы, от которых обра- зованы следующие существительные.

1. breakage. 2. drainage. 3. leakage. 4. approval. 5. arrival. 6. refusal. 7. acceptance. 8. appearance.

7. performance. 10. delivery. 11. discovery. 12. recov- ery. 13. agreement. 14. arrangement. 15. employ- ment. 16. collision. 17. decision. 18. division. 19. edu- cation. 20. organization. 21. attention. 22. solution. 23. departure. 24. failure. 25. closure. 26. payment. :!7. fixation. 28. multiplication. 29. improvisation. .40. introduction. 31. constitution. 32. construction. 43. production. 34. transmission. 35. assistant. .46. servant. 37. dependent.

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Упражнение 9. Укажите глаголы, от которых обра- зованы следующие существительные.

1. writer; 2. occupier; 3. runner; 4. beginner; 5. traveler; 6. collector; 7. editor; 8. protector; 9. sailor; 10. visitor; 11. beggar; 12. liar.

Упражнение 10. Укажите прилагательные, от кото- рых образованы следующие существительные.

1. importance; 2. absence; 3. presence; 4. darkness;

5. happiness; 6. equality; 7. kindness; 8. length; 9. strength; 10. truth.

Упражнение 11. Укажите существительные, имею- щие одинаковое написание с глаголами, от которых они образованы. Назовите эти глаголы.

1. aim* 2. answer; 3. cause; 4. change; 5. doubt;

5. dream; 7. end; 8. fall; 9. guess; 10. hope; 11. influ- ence; 12. interest; 13. joke; 14. laugh; 15. lock; 16. mover; 17. note; 18. order; 19. plan; 20. play; 21. quarrel; 22. result; 23. smile; 24. stop; 25. talk; 26. trouble; 27. walk; 28. work; 29. abuse; 30. excuse; 31. use.

Упражнение 12. Укажите глаголы, от которых обра- зованы следующие существительные.

1. advice; 2. belief; 3, breath; 4. choice; 5. cloth; 6. device; 7. half; 8. life; 9. proof; 10. relief; 11. shelf; 12. teeth; 13. wreath.

Упражнение 13. Обракуйте названия националь- ностей от названий следующих стран.

England, France, Russia, Germany, China, Spain. |

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Упражнение 14. Образуйте и переведите на русский язык имена существительные, образованные от дан- ных существительных с помощью префиксов.

1. rest; 2. sight; 3. circle; 4. structure; 5. face; 6. plus.

Притяжательный падеж имен существительных

Pupil's books — pupils' books

The child's bicycle — the children's bicycles

Упражнение 15. Переведите предложения на англий- ский язык.

1. Это пальто его жены. 2. Это тетрадь Джона. 3. Подруга моей матери — бухгалтер. 4. Чей это гараж? — Это гараж моего соседа. 5. Вы видели новый офис моего брата? 6. Во дворе гуляет собака наших соседей. 7. В комнате находятся вещи на- шего друга. 8. Там лежат учебники студентов. 9. Это сумка моей тети. 10. В коридоре стоят лыжи моей сестры. 11. Квартира моего друга на соседней улице. 12. Отец моей подруги — директор школы. 13. При- несите костюм моего брата. 14. Это книга моего коллеги.

Упражнение 18. Вставьте вместо точек окончания существительных.

1. These pen... are not to be had. 2. At such a dis- tance the car ... was not to be seen. 3. The milk... is too hot to drink. 4. Twenty pupil... will take part in the race. 5. After having broken the window..., the burglar discovered that the door... was open. 6. If he passes

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this exam, he'll give a party... 7. We are considering going to Australia for a few month... 8. Hotel... are easy to find in this area. 9. He has written that letter... himself.

Упражнение 17. Поставьте следующие предложения во множественном числе.

1. My brother is a student. 2. Where is a key? 3. Our room is big. 4. Her family is small. 5. That is a book. 6. Here is a pencil. 7. What is the answer? 8. Go to the window. 9.1 can see a ship. 10. That is a door. 11. Here lived a Frenchman. 12. This is an apple. 13. This sheep is fat. 14. That is an order. 15. It is a pleasure.

Упражнение 18. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Возле дома стоят красивые молодые женщины. 2. Эту работу выполняют только мужчины. 3. Де- вушка идет в институт. 4. Студенты занимаются в библиотеке. 5. На этой улице находятся театр, ма- газин и много офисов. 6. Мои братья работают в со- седнем городе. 7. Окна этой комнаты выходят во двор. 8. Гостиничные номера здесь очень дорогие. 9. Здесь работает моя мать и две ее сестры. 10. Кар- тины этого художника всем известны. 11. Здесь лежат старые тетради моей сестры. 12. Дети играют в саду. 13. Девушки разговаривают по телефону. 14. В этом подвале много мышей. 15. Стадо овец и коров пасется на лугу. 16. Мальчики играют во дво- ре. 17. В больших городах оживленное движение.

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Местоимения some, any

и их ПРОИЗВОДНЫЕ

some — какой-то,

несколько somebody — кто-то someone — кто-то something — что-то ^somewhere (наречие) — где-нибудь, куда- нибудь

any — любой

anybody — кто-либо anyone — кто-либо anything — что-либо anywhere — где угодно

Местоимение some и его производные исполь- зуются в следующих случаях:

1. в утвердительных предложениях;

2. в вопросах, на которые ожидается положи- тельный ответ;

3. в предложениях, содержащих предложение чего-то.

Местоимение any и его производные использу- ются в следующих случаях:

1. в отрицательных предложениях;

2. в нейтральных вопросах и вопросах, на кото- рые ожидается отрицательный ответ;

3. в условных придаточных предложениях;

4. в значении "не важно кто/что/какой ..."

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some — некоторое количество
Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная форма	We have got some bread. We have got no bread. We haven't got any bread. Have you got any bread?
something — что-нибудь, что-то
Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная форма	I can see something on the desk. I can see nothing on the desk. I cannot see anything on the desk. Can you see anything on the desk?
somebody — кто-нибудь, кто-то
Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная форма	John asked somebody to help him. John asked nobody to help him. John did not ask anybody to help him. Did John ask anybody to help him?

Утвердительные предложения

any — любой anything — что угодно

anybody — кто угодно anywhere — где угодно anyone — кто угодно

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Упражнение 1. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Have some wine. 2. Somebody must have told her.

3. Would you like some more cheese? 4. Some liked it, others found it tedious. 5. There are some trees near my house. 6. John gave Mary some books for her friends.

Упражнение 2. Переведите на русский язык.

1. I don't see any wine. 2. Has anyone got a calcula- tor? 3. If anybody calls, tell them I'll be back after six.

3. Any child can do that. 5. Did any of you watch the presidential debates on television? 6. Anyone who's in- terested is welcome. 7. Which tie do you want to wear? — Oh, anyone of those will do. 8. Did you ask anybody to come? 9.1 would not do it for anything. 10. That book is somebody else's. 11. In this world everything moves.

Упражнение 3. Вставьте вместо точек местоимения some, any и их производные.

1. Teacher: "Are there ... problems with this?" 2. Can I have ... more water, please? 3. "You have just said that .today's meeting has ended in deadlock. Is there ... hope left now of a settlement before tomorrow night?" 4. "Have ... wine," the March Hare said in an encouraging tone. Alice looked all round the table, but there was nothing on it but tea. "I don't see ... wine," she remarked. "There isn't ..." said the March Hare. (Lewis Carroll Alice in Wonderland) 5. One should never trust a woman who tells one her real age. A woman who would tell one that, would tell ... (Oscar Wilde, A Woman of No Importance) 6. ... books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and ... few to be chewed and digested. (Bacon Essays, Of Studies) 7. The schoolmaster was leaving the village, and ...

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seemed sorry. (Thomas Hardy, Jude the Obscure, ch. 1) 8. He did not mean to return till the evening, when the new schoolteacher would have arrived and settled in, and ... would be smooth. (Thomas Hardy, Jude the Ob- scure, ch. 1)

Упражнение 4. Вставьте артикли и местоимения: а, the, any, some, по.

1. We went to ... canteen to have our dinner. There were ... students in ... canteen, but ... teachers. There were ... square tables near ... window — it was ... large canteen and there were ... lot of windows in it. ... win- dows were open.

2. My friend took ... menu and started to read it. He said he didn't like ... fish soup — he always has veg- etable soup for dinner, for ... second course he prefers ... meat and noodles. But I like potatoes very much, so I asked ... waiter to bring me ... . I also asked him to bring me... chicken.

My friend doesn't like ... green salad. He likes salad with ... meat and eggs. So, he-ordered ... of his favorite salad. "Shall I order for you ...?", he asked. "Yes, ..., thank you," I answered.

We started eating, but then he wanted ... mustard, and there was ... mustard on ... table. He asked ... waiter to bring us ....

3. We wanted to have ... ice-cream for the sweet, but we had to wait for it to be brought. After dinner we paid for it and went back to ... office. We were early and had ... time left. So, we had ... smoke and read ... newspapers.

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Упражнение 5. Измените предложения по образцу.

Образец: There is something on the desk. Is there any- thing on the desk? There is nothing on the desk.

1. There were some apples in the vase. 2. There was some water in the bottle. 3. There was somebody in their room. 4. Somebody brought this letter for you.

3. After dinner some students went home. 6. There are some small, cozy rooms in this building.

Упражнение 6. Поставьте вместо точек some или any.

1.1 would like ... more coffee. 2. Haven't you done ... of the exercises? 3. I don't know where Mr. Godley is but he must be ... where in the building. 4. The doctor couldn't let me have ... idea how long she would be in hospital. 5. All the evidence shows that ... body can learn a new language. 6. As you haven't got... peaches I'll have ... apricots. 7. Have you read ... of the novels of John Updike? (I don't know if you have or not.) 8. Have you read ... of the novels of George Orwell (I ex- pect you have). 9. There aren't ... cakes left, so we'll have to buy ... more. 10.1 doubt if there will be ... more snow this winter but there will probably be ... frosty might.

Упражнение 7. Вставьте some, any, something, any- thing вместо точек.

1. She has read ... of the books on the list. 2. I haven't read ... of the books on the list. 3. We have spent... of our money. 4. They haven't spent... of their money. 5. He refuses to leave me have ... information.

3. They denied that there was ... money available.

4. There are ... letters for you. 8. There is ... for you. 9. There isn't... for Mr. John.

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Упражнение 8. Объясните употребление местоиме- ний some и any.

1. Some more tea? 2. Did you buy some oranges?

3. Any more tea? 4. Did you have any oranges? 5. Didn't you buy some oranges? (Yes, I did.) 6. Didn't you buy any oranges?

Упражнение 9. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Я уже купил несколько книг этого автора. 2. Уже несколько дней, как он в отпуске. 3. Неко- торые люди предпочитают проводить отпуск дома.

3. Некоторых раздражают громкие звуки. 5. Это не понравится никому. 6. Некоторые виды птиц не уле- тают зимой на юг. 7. Никто не может ответить на этот вопрос. 8. Она никого не любит. 9. Любая по- мощь будет принята с благодарностью. 10. Любой ученик должен выполнить это упражнение хорошо.

Упражнение 10. Вставьте местоимения some, any или их производные.

1. ... stole ... money from the cashbox this morning. 2. Do you think he has caught... yet? 3. Has ... sent for the ambulance or called to police? 4. ... is knocking at the door. 5. After rain it was wet ... . 6, ... time ago there was a "big forest. 7. This work can be done by ... . 8. ... lost my book.

Упражнение 11. Переведите на английский язык.

1. В комнате никого нет. 2. Есть ли кто-нибудь в офисе? 3. Дайте мне любую книгу по этой теме. 4. В саду есть кто-нибудь? — Нет, там никого нет. 5. На столе есть что-нибудь? — Нет, там ничего нет. 6. У него дома есть кое-какие книги на немецком языке. 7. В портфеле что-то есть. 8. В вашем ресторане

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подают что-нибудь из японской кухни? 9. Иди к отцу, он хочет тебе что-то сказать. 10. Скажите, в квартире живет еще кто-нибудь? 11. Выберите любую книгу. 12. Пусть это сделает кто угодно, только не Билл! 13. Отдайте эти журналы кому угодно, только не Лизе! 14. Давайте купим что- нибудь в этой булочной! 15. Кто-нибудь поможет мне выполнить работу? 16. Мы поедем куда-нибудь в воскресенье?

Упражнение 12. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Можем ли мы где-нибудь купить костюм 46 размера? 2. Везде много снега. 3. Я нигде его не вижу. 4. Может ли она где-нибудь отдохнуть? 5. Где мистер Грин? — Он ушел куда-то 10 минут назад. 6. Я где-то оставил свой зонт. 7. Мальчик ушел куда-то еще вчера и до сих пор не вернулся. 8. Где твоя тетрадь? — Не знаю. Может быть, она лежит где-то в шкафу. 9. Можно ли повесить где-нибудь мое пальто? 10. Я куда-то положил утром свою ручку и теперь нигде не могу найти ее.

Упражнение 13. Выберите подходящее местоимение.

1. There isn't (any, no) water running in the kitchen now, is there? 2. My boss and I don't have (no, any) time to waste today; we're really rushed. 3. We have (some, any) milk in the refrigerator, but we have very little cream. 4. There is (some, any) salt in this soup, but it still tastes bland. 5. They don't serve (no, any) wine in their house; they're very strict. 6. Have you seen Ann? (somewhere, anywhere). 7. Is there (some, any) telephone in your house that you didn't ring up?

8. He hasn't (any, no) tobacco, as he doesn't smoke.

9. Have you (some, any) letters for me? 10. Can one

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8. send telegrams at (some, any) hour of the night? 11. Have you heard (something, anything) about him since that day? 12. (somebody, anybody) has been here; there are footstep's in the snow.

Упражнение 14. Вставьте some, any.

Shopping for groceries isn't like it used to be. In the past, if you wanted to buy (1)... bread, you had to go to the bakery. If you wanted to buy (2)... meat, you had to go to a butcher shop. A baker didn't sell (3)... meat and the butcher didn't sell (4)... bread. Of course there are still (5) ... bakeries and butcher shops that sell only baked goods of meat, but most of them have been re- placed by supermarkets.

In tne past when you went into a butcher shop, you would see sawdust on the floor. You don't see that any more. You could even see the butcher cutting up your special order. That also isn't seen any more. Now the meat is wrapped in plastic, weighed, priced, and put on display in a refrigerated counter. If you want some- thing special, you can still talk to the butcher, but you have to ring a bell so he or she will come out from be- hind the glass wails. It certainly isn't like it once was. If you wanted (6) ... bones for your dog, the butcher was happy to give you (7)... — freel They don't do that any more, (8)... butchers won't give you (9)... bones at all; (10)... others will only sell them to you!

Also in the past, if you wanted to buy (11)... coffee, it was ground for you right in the store. This isn't usu- ally possible any more. You can still get specially ground coffee, but only in special coffee shops in large cities.

In the small towns there used to be what are now called "country stores." These used to be the only stores in town and you could buy many different

50

things but, unlike in today's super-markets, there wasn't a wide selection to choose from. In (12)... coun- try stores you could sit around the wood stove or the cracker barrel and talk with your neighbors. You can't do that in (13) ... of the supermarkets today. There aren't (14) ... cracker barrels and there isn't (15) ... need for wood stoves. Although there are (16)... coun- try stores that are still open in a few small villages in rural states, large supermarket chains are rapidly re- placing them. These supermarkets may make shopping more convenient than before, but there are (17)... dis- advantages too. While (18)... supermarkets stay open twenty-four hours a day and they offer a wide choice of different products, few seem to care about friendliness any more, and there isn't (19)... of the personal service that existed in the past. Most people don't seem to have (20)... time now to shop leisurely, but personally I wish there were still a country store in my home town.

Упражнение 15. Вставьте some, any или их произ- водные.

1.1 have ... letters for Mr. Brown.

2. Have you ... letters for me?

3. No, I haven't... letters for you.

4. We took ... biscuits and ... cheese with us.

5. It is ... distance to the station, so we must walk fast.

6. If ... body calls, please tell them I shall be back soon.

7.1 have ... thing to say to you.

8. Would you like ... more sauce?

9.1 don't care what... one thinks, I'm going to do it.

10. ... people believe bee-stings are a cure for rheu- matism.

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11. ... say this and ... say that but I don't think there is ... truth in these rumours.

12. He had ... success but not a great deal.

13. Has ... one seen my purse ... where?

14.... one wants to speak to you on the phone, Tom.

15. Tomorrow there will be ... rain and ... sunny peri- ods.

16. ... thing has gone wrong but I don't know what.

17. ... of these books are useful but ... are just rub- bish.

18. In ... cases they operate for this illness.

19. We regret there isn't... thing that can be done.

20. Don't heed what ... one may say: let your own conscience decide.

21.1 wish ... one would help me to do this job.

22. Scarcely ... one knows the answer to this prob- lem.

23.1 did it without... help.

24. If it is of ... use to you, please take it.

25. I want ... fresh potatoes. Please go to the greengrocer's and get... .

Упражнение 16. Вставьте some, any или их произ- водные.

1. ... or other, we'll overcome these difficulties.

2. In ... case, you mustn't forget to do that.

3. Would you like ... more milk? (I expect you would.)

4. Are there ... letters for me? (I expect there are.)

5. Have you ... objection to my going? (I expect not.)

6. Is there ... coffee left? (I expect there isn't.)

7. Don't waste ... time, for it will take ... time to get through all that work.

8.1 have ... flowers; if you'd like ..., please take ... .

9. ... one of these books would help you.

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10. If ... calls, say that I'm out.

11. Don't let... disturb me.

12.1 see you want... more groceris. Are you expect- ing ... for the week-end?

13. ... fool has put salt in my lemonadel

14. ... could solve that problem, it's so easy.

15. He hopes to be a millionaire ... day.

16. Call ... day you like. There's always ... in to re- ceive visitors.

17. Haven't you got... eggs? Then I'll go and get....

18. It isn't... man that can boast of such a record.

19. Mr. Smith is ... in the City. An insurance broker, I think.

20. I've put my spectacles ... or other, but I can't think where.

21. ... at... time, must have upset... soup on the car- pet.

22. Can't ... be done to help him? I think it can or should be.

23. It may not be necessary; ... I think it's better to do it, just in case.

24. Did you say put... milk in or put a lot of milk in?

Упражнение 1. Вставьте предлоги on, in, into, out of.

1. The cups are ... the table. 2. Where is the coffee? It is ... the cups. 3. Put some sugar ... the coffee. 4. Put the books ... the shelf. 5. Put your pens ... the bag.

1. He came ... the room and sat down ... an arm-chair.

2. We usually have dinner ... the kitchen. 8. I saw many people ... the street. 9. Mother poured me some soup ... my plate. 10. The flowers are ... the vase.

11. The teacher wrote the home-task ... the blackboard.

12. The pupils wrote ... their copy-books. 13. He put a hand kerchief ... the pocket. 14. She takes her books ... of the bag and puts them ... the table. 15. They are swimming ... the river. 16. They were ... the hail.

Упражнение 2. Вставьте предлоги at, from, to.

1. The student is standing ... the blackboard. 2.1 go ... school every day. 3. After classes I go .... school with my friends. 4. He came up ... the window and closed it. 5. We are sitting ... the table now. 6. We were ap- proaching ... my friend's house. 7. She will come back ... London the day after tomorrow. 8. My writting-

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table is ... the window. 9. All children like to go ... the cinema. 10. I usually go ... the swimming-pool on Sun- day. 11. My father came late ... work yesterday. 12. I like to stay ... the window and watch the children play- ing in the yard.

at

Обозначение места

Обозначение определенного момента времени

Обозначение образа действия (скорость, стоимость, степень)

at the theatre, at the hotel, at a concert, at an office, at breakfast, at home, at school, at a factory

at seven o'clock, at night, at midnight, at present, at this time, at the age of thirty, at the beginning, at the end, at first, at once, at ease.

at full speed, at the price, at the cost, at any rate, at most, at least.

Упражнение 3. Переведите на английский язык.

1. В 3 часа я был в офисе. 2. Он всегда возвра- щается домой в 7 часов. 3. Я был занят в это время. 4. Вчера я был дома весь день, 5. Мой дедушка ра- ботал на фабрике. 6. Во всяком слчае хуже не будет. 7. Его сейчас нет. 8. Наконец они пришли. 9. Мы сразу же легли спать. 10. Он остановился в гости- нице недалеко от нашего дома.

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Обозначение места	in the city, in the street, in
	the country и т.д.
	in the North, in the East
	и т.д.
	in the sun, in sight
Обозначение	in 1941, in September, in
времени	summer, in the morning,
	in the evening, in time, in
	(через) a few days, in an
	hour
Обозначение образа	in French, in pensil, in ink
действия	и т.д.
	in general, in fact

Упражнение 4. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Я увидел его на улице. 2. Он родился в 1975 году. 3. Она всегда приходит вовремя. 4. Она обе- щала позвонить через несколько дней. 5. Иногда мы проводим выходные дни за городом. 6. Он вернется через два часа. 7. Кто может написать письмо на немецком? 8. Конспекты были написаны каран- дашом. 9. На самом деле все не так уж плохо. 10. Во- обще, мне трудно это понять.

Упражнение 5. Вставьте предлоги in и at.

1. ... school he was very good pupil. 2. ... the age of 17 he entered the University. 3. ... last I got tickets for this performance. 4. He spent his childhood ... the North. 5. She spoke ... a loud voice. 6. I'll be back ... an hour. 7. He left the documents ... the office. 8. She

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Обозначение места	on the table, on the Volga,
	on the right, on the left.
Обозначение	on the 1st of January, on
времени	Sunday, on returning
Обозначение образа	on a large seale, on condi-
действия	tion, on fire

Упражнение 6. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Мы увидели дом в огне. 2. Моя сестра родилась первого апреля. 3. После землетрясения были раз- рушения большого масштаба. 4. По возвращении домой я ему сразу позвонил. 5. Слева я увидел большое здание. 6. Москва расположена на Москве- реке.

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by

Обозначение места

Обозначение времени (к определенному моменту)

Обозначение образа действия

Обозначение лица или инструмента, совершающего действие*

by the roadside, by lond, by sea, by train, by boat

by seven o'clock, by night, by tomorrow

little by little, by the light of the sun, by the lamp light, by degrees, by mis- take

by steam, by electricity, by machinery, by doctor

Упражнение 7.

1. Он не любит ездить поездом. 2. Я постараюсь все закончить к восьми часам. 3. По ошибке я взял не тот конверт. 4. Не спеши, делай все постепенно. 5. Этот мотор работает от электричества. 6. Этот портрет написан великим художником. 7. Заяц был убит ружьем.

Упражнение 8. Вставьте предлоги on, by, with.

1. Litle ... little the weather was changing. 2. The fire was extinguished ... the fireman ... water. 3. ... reaching a station he bought a magazine. 4. This book was written ... Gogol. 5. The pupil is writing ... a piece

* Для обозначения инструмента, посредством которого совер- шается действие, обычно употребляется предлог with, в то время как для обозначения лица, совершающего действие — предлог by: with a spoon — ложкой; by ту sister — сестрой.

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Продолжительность действия в течение определенного периода времени Обозначение намерения(для,ради)		for many, years, for an hour, forever for you, for Mary, for parents
from
Обозначение места (откуда), источника, происхождения Обозначение времени (с момента начала действия)	from England, a quota- tion from, far from, from my place from the end of Janu- ary, from day to day

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Till, until — до, do	till 6 O'clock, until I
тех nop, пока	come
Since — c,c начала	since four o'clock
действия до
настоящего или
прошлого момента
During — в течение	during three hours

Упражнение 10. Заполните пропуски предлогами: till, until, during, since.

1. The First World War began ... 1914 and lasted ... 1918.2. What do you do ... the lesson? 3. She worked ... early morning ... night. 4.1 cannot tell you anything ... I see your work. 5. I have not been there ... last year. 6. It has been raining ... yesterday. 7. Wait ... Sunday.

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8. France has been a republic ... 1871. 9. ... what time do you expect to stay here? 10. He has been living in Paris... 1985.

Упражнение 11. Вставьте предлоги in, on, at.

My office is very pleasant and comfortable. It's (1) ... the third floor (2) ... a tall building downtown. My name has been neatly printed (3) ... a metal sign and mounted (4) ... my office door. Inside, there are some bookshelves, a desk, and a small table. The desk is (5) ... a very large window. From the window I can look down (6) ... the streets. I can see people walking (7) ... and out of the buildings near mine and waiting (8) ... the streets. I have a large, comfortable chair (9) ... my desk, and another chair near the bookcase for visitors. I try to keep my books really well-arranged (10)... their proper order (11) ... the shelves. (12) ... my desk there are various objects including a telephone and my type- writer. I keep my files and papers (13) ... a large drawer, and pens, paper clips, and other small articles (14) ... a smaller drawer. My desk always looks quite messy since there are always books and papers (15) ... it. (16)... the wall there is a bulletin board. I keep a cal- endar (17)... it so that I won't forget my appointments. I always try to be (18)... time for my appointments.

(19) ... one of the drawers of my desk I keep some food. I usually eat lunch (20)... my desk because there are no inexpensive restaurants near my office build- ing.

(21) ... those days when I have to eat (22) ... my of- fice, I open my desk drawer promptly (23) ... one o'clock and take out something to eat. I put some hot water (24) ... a cup and make some instant soup, and perhaps eat some cheese and crackers. When my frieAds come (25)... they laugh. They call me "the man

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(26)... a hurry" because I can't find time (27) ... those busy days to eat lunch with them (28) ... one of the fancy restaurants near our building.

Упражнение 12. Вставьте предлоги to, by, at.

1. She'll have to come ... three o'clock or it will be too late. 2. She said she would come ... exactly six o'clock. 3. If he doesn't hurry dinner will be over ... the time he gets here. 4. If you want to go ... the theatre, you'll have to be ready ... the time the bus leaves. 5. He wasn't sure ... that time whether he could go ... the meeting or not. 6. I'd like to go ... town ... the same time you do. 7. Be sure and come ... my place ... three because he plans to leave ... four. 8. He plans to go ... train; I'll go ... plane. 9. He mode it all ... himself. 10. He gave it ... me yesterday. 11. They plan ... go ... 6 o'clock. 12. We can't go ... this time. 13. I'll be ready ... the time you get here. 14. He doesn't go ... church very of ten. 15. Everyone will be gone ... the time he gets here. 16. He found it ... the side of the road. 17. He's always here ... the right time. 18. I didn't believe him ... first. 19. I plan to go ... the theatre tomorrow. 20. Mr. White come ... the appointed time in the evening.

Упражнение 13. Вставьте предлоги by, on, in, at.

1. He came into the room and stopped ... the desk. 2. It hurt when he stepped ... my foot. 3. Everyone looked up when he came ... the room. 4. They were per- suaded ... this words. 5. His mother brought the child to school ... car. 6. When it finally arrived everyone tried to get... the bus at once. 7. You'd better put your coat... because it's cold outside. 8. She usually puts the chair ... the wall. 9. Put the package ... the floor. 10. We planted a tree ... the corner of the house.

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11. There was much pressure ... congress ... the people.

12. The ceremony will start... 7 o'clock, but we should be there ... 6.30. 13. There was much pressure ... the President... the officers. 14. We stopped ... the store ... our way home. 15. Most of the children are ... school now. 16. He was stopped ... a policeman. 17. He usually comes ... foot, but occasionally he comes ... horseback. 18. The mail was carried ... the airplane. 19. Nearly all the people were ... debt. 20. She was tired and lay down ... the sofa. 21.1 reached their house ... midnight.

Упражнение 14. Вставьте предлоги in, on, at, to.

When I was a kid, still living (1) ... home, my par- ents always made me follow strict mealtime rules. No one came (2) ... the table late; we all had to be (3) ... time. When my mother called us (4) ... dinner, we stopped whatever we were doing and hurried to the dining room. There was no excuse for sitting down (5) ... the table late. My father always sat (6)... the head of the table, and my mother always sat (7) ... the other side, near the kitchen door. I sat (8)... my father's left, and my brother sat (9) ... his right, across the table from me. Any guest who came to dinner usually sat (10) ... my place, (11) ... the left of my father, and I sat beside my brother. The guest was always served first. My father would put the food (12) ... our plates. We had to have a little of everything, and we had to eat ev- erything (13) ... our plates. Dinner was always served (14) ... six o'clock, and if you didn't get there (15) ... time, you might have to go without eating at all. My father liked to begin eating (16) ... time, and to finish (17) ... time, so that he could turn on the TV (18) ... time to see the six-thirty news.

Now that I am an adult, things are much different. My kids are never (19) ... the house when dinner is

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ready. If they don't come (20) ... dinner (21) ... time, my wife puts their food back (22)... the stove for them. Often they don't want to sit (23)... the table at all; they would rather sit (24) ... the living room and watch a program (25)... TV while they eat. I guess that this is not common (26)... most American families, but people are usually more informal these days. My children are not required to eat all the food (27)... their plates, but if they don't eat everything that is put (28) ... front of them, they cannot have dessert. I thought my father's rules were a little foolish. I suppose my children will think that my rules are foolish too, but my wife and I think we should do something to make the children be (29)... time for their meals.

Упражнение 15. Вставьте предлоги in, into.

1. Translate this text ... French. 2. He was carrying a book ... his hand. 3. He read that ... a book. 4. He walked ... the room ... which we were sitting. 5. Tell me ... one word what the matter is with you. 6. Come ... the garden, John. 7.1 began to work here ... October 1992. 8. He lives ... Bucharest. 9. My friend John ran ... the school as fast as he could. 10. We followed him ... his room. 11. While playing on the bridge, one of the chil- dren fell... the river.

Упражнение 16. Вставьте предлоги from, since.

1.1 have done nothing ... my arrival. 2. He travelled ... Prague to Warsaw. 3. I have been busy ... Monday. 4.1 am going away ... home for about three months.

5. You can see the village ... the top of the mountain.

6. He has been waiting for you ... four o'clock. 7. He has been ill ... Monday. 8. Moscow is a long way ... Tokio. 9 They walked ... one end of the town to the

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