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1. О.Ф. Кравченко А.В. Ермолюк

   516 Упражнений

   По грамматике английского языка

   «Лист» Москва 2000

Кравченко О.Ф., Ермолнж А.В.

К 78 516 упражнений по грамматике английского языка. М. Лист, 1999 г.-384 с.

ББК 81.2 Англ

Содержание

Артикль 4

Существительное 35

Местоимения some, any

и их производные 43

Предлоги 54

Неопределенные местоимения much, many,

little, a little, few, a few 76

Степени сравнения прилагательных 83

Оборот there is, there are 102

Времена глагола 105

Страдательный залог 185

Прямая и косвенная речь 215

Инфинитив 230

Герундий 260

Причастие 281

Сложное дополнение 304

Сложное подлежащее 312

Модальные глаголы 318

Сложноподчиненные предложения..... ...... 336

Условные предложения 351

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Артикль

Артикль должен стоять перед каждым нарица- тельным существительным. Если перед существи- тельным стоит притяжательное либо указатель- ное местоимение, либо существительное в притя- жательном падеже, количественное числительное или частица по, артикль не употребляется.

Если какой-либо предмет упоминается впер- вые, перед ним ставится неопределенный артикль (a, an), когда тот же предмет упоминается в сле- дующий раз, перед ним ставится определенный артикль (the).

Неопределенный артикль (a, an) ставится толь- ко перед исчисляемыми существительными в единственном числе. Определенный артикль (the) может ставиться как перед исчисляемыми, так и

перед неисчисляемыми существительными.

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Упражнение 1. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... cat. It is Tom's ... cat. 2. Is this your ... bag? — No, this is not my ... bag. It's Nick's ... bag. 3.1 have got ... pen. 4. Give me ... pencil. ... pencil is bad. Give me ... pen. 5. This is ... watch. This is Nick's ... watch. 6. I have no ... sugar in my ... tea. 7. I have ... flat. My ... flat is comfortable. There are three ... rooms in ... flat. 8. Tom has ... bicycle. ... bicycle is very beau-

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Упражнение 2. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... hat. It isn't ... my hat. 2. Is this ... tie? — No, it isn't... tie, it's ... shirt. 3. Is this ... cat, or ... dog? — This is ... dog, it is eating ... bone. 4. My ... pen is bad. Give me ... pen, or ... pencil. 5. ... dog chased ... cat ... dog was big and brown, ... cat was small and white. 6. Sam bought ... newspaper and ... magazine. ... newspaper is on ... table, but ... magazine disap- peared. 7. Tom lives in ... big house not far from ... of- fice. There is ... garden near ... house.

Упражнение 3. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Mary is ... secretary. 2. Have you got ... book? Give me ... book. 3. Does Tom collect ... stamps? 4. Would you like ... apple? 5. Mary has got ... small flat in ... center of ... city. 6. This is ... nice house. Does it have ... garden? 7. Have you finished reading ... book which Mike gave you? Return him ... book, please.

8. Today I had ... tea and ... sandwich for breakfast.

9. Tom had ... large breakfast today.

Существуют словосочетания, в которых ар- тикль опускается. Их следует запомнить:

at _ school in the morning to go to _ bed

at _ home in the evening to go to _ school at _ work in the afternoon to go to _ work

at_night

Перед названиями месяцев, дней, времен года артикль не ставится.

in September in winter

tiful. 9. This is ... dictionary. This is my ... dictionary. 10. ... door is locked. Where is ... key?

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Артикль не ставится перед названиями языков. ^ _ Frehch is a difficult language.

Перед порядковыми числительными артикль употребляется.

on the fifth of June

С некоторыми словами артикль, как правило, не употребляется*.

(at) _ breakfast (at) _ supper

(at) _ lunch (at) _ tea

(at) _ dinner

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Упражнение 4. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.I have got ... father. My ... father is ... engineer. He works at... plant. ... plant is big. 2. My ... mother is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good.

8. My sister is ... doctor. She works at ... hospital. She is at... work now. 4. My ... son is ... pupil. He is ... good ... pupil. He is not at... school now. He is at... home. He is having ... dinner. He is eating ... soup and ... bread. 5.1 have got ... small ... black ... dog. It likes ... meat very much.

Упражнение 5. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I met him in ... small town. 2. ... girl is waiting for you in ... room. 3. Where is ... dictionary? — It is in ... bookcase. 4. ... man phoned you in ... morning. 5. ... door opened and ... man with ... briefcase in his ... hand came into ... room. 6. Please, buy ... ink and ... paper. 7. Do you like ... milk? 8. Children need ... milk.

8. Where is ... sugar which I bought? 10. Buy ... sugar,

*Комментарий к данному правилу см. после Упражнения 21.

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please. 11. It is ... March now. 12. We shall have an En glish lesson on ... Tuesday. 13. It is cold in ... winter here. 14. In Russia it is always cold in ... winter. 15. ... English is spoken in ... USA. 16. ... German is ... diffi- cult language. 17. I prefer the forest in ... autumn. 18. We used to go for long walks in ... summer.

Упражнение 6. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. My ... father is ... economist. He is at... home now. 2. I am not ... teacher. I am ... student. 3. He is not ... doctor. He is ... economist. 4. Is your ... mother at ... home? — No, she is at ... work. 5. I usually have ... breakfast at 10 o'clock. 6. When does your ... father have ... lunch? 7. There is ... telephone, two ... books and ... pencil on ... table. ... telephone is black. ... pencil is ... green, 8. ... leg of ... chair is broken. 9. I gave ... magazine to my ... friend. 10. Nick will show ... book to ... teacher. 11. Where is your ... sister? — She is in ... li- brary.

Упражнение 7. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.1 usually wear ... cap. 2. This is ... house. 3. This is ... Tom's house. 4. Is this Mary's ... house? — No, it isn't Mary's ... house, it's my ... house. 5. Mike has ... brother. His ... brother is ... doctor. 6. Give me ... pen. This ... pen is bad. Give me another ... pen. 7. My ... fa- ther usually smokes ... cigarettes, not ... pipe. 8. Is there ... pen on ... table? — No, there is ... pencil. 9. What is this? — This is ... book. — Give me ... book.

Упражнение 8. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I can't find ... letter, which I received yesterday. 2. My ... friend is speaking to ... man who returned from ... African ... expedition. 3. ... last ... summer we

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lived in ... village on ... Volga in ... small ... house. 4. ... house where we lived had ... garden. 5. ... last page of ... book is torn. 6. Jack's ... father bought him ... bicycle that he had wanted. 7. Please give me ... cup of ... tea with ... milk and ... sugar. 8. ... big house in ... end of ... street is ... town library.

Упражнение 9. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Once upon ... time, ... fox and ... crane became ... friends. 2. One ... day, ... fox invited ... crane to dinner. 3. She made ... hot ... porridge for ... dinner and put it in ... flat soup-dish. 4. ... crane couldn't eat and ... fox ate ... porridge herself. 5. ... crane was angry and de- cided to teach ... fox ... lesson. 6. So he invited ... fox to ... dinner too. 7. ... fox came to ... crane's ... house ... next day. 8.... crane poured ... vegetable ... soup into ... narrow ... jug and invited ... fox to eat it. 9. ... fox tried and tried, but couldn't find ... way to get into ... jug. 10. ... crane ate all... soup himself. 11. And because of that... fox and ... crane are no longer ... friends.

Упражнение 10. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... fox was going through ... forest searching for ... food. 2. He was very hungry. 3. Suddenly he saw ... crow sitting on ... tree. 4. ... crow had ... piece of ... cheese in it's ... beak. 5. ... fox began to think: "How can I get ... cheese?". 6. ... fox was very clever. 7. He said to ... crow: "Mr. Crow, you have such ... beautiful voice, sing me ... song, please". 8. ... crow was very foolish. 9. He opened his ... beak to sing, and ... cheese fell out. 10.... fox took ... cheese and ran away.

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Определенный	Определенный артикль
артикль используется	не используется
с названиями:	с названиями:
океанов, рек, морей,	озер в единственном
заливов, озер во	числе
множественном числе	Lake Baikal, Lake Huron
the Black Sea, the
Pacific Ocean, the
Persian Gulf, the Great
Lakes
гор (горных цепей)	гор (одиночных)
the Himalayan Moun-	Mount Everest, Mount
tains, the Cordilleras	Elbrus
землей, луной,	планет, созвездий
солнцем	Mars, Jupiter, Cassiopeia
the earth, the moon,
the sun
школ, учебных	школ, учебных заведе-
заведений	ний, начинающихся с
the University of Co-	имен собственных
lumbia, the College of	California University,
Medicine	Cooper's Art School

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стран, которые состоят	стран, которые состоят
из нескольких слов	из одного слова
(кроме Great Britain)	Russia, France, Spain
The United States, the
Russian Federation
некоторых областей и	континентов
районов	Europe, North America,
the Urals, the Caucasus,	Africa
the Far-East, the West
Indies, the Crimea	штатов
	Ohio, California, Texas
исторических
документов	видов спорта
the Constitution, the	football, baseball, tennis
Peace Treaty	абстрактными
национальностей	понятиями
the Indians, the English	freedom, happiness
сторон света	наук
the North, the South,	mathematics, physics,
the East, the West	history
перед названиями	праздников
архипелагов	Christmas, Easter
the Antilles, the
Solomons

Упражнение 12. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... Venezuela is in ... South America. 2. On ... Christmas we will visit... grandmother. 3. ... Alps are ... highest mountains in ... Europe. 4. ... United States are between ... Mexico and ... Canada. 5. Many people like to have ... holidays on ... Mediterranean Sea. 6. ... Asia is ... largest continent. 7.... Panama Canal joins ...

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Atlantic and ... Pacific oceans. 8. Lomonosov was born in ... small ... village on ... shore of ... White Sea. 9. ... Everest is ... highest ... mountain in ... world. 10. ... Crimea is washed by ... Black Sea. 11. ... Philippines are in ... Pacific Ocean. 12. ... British Isles are not far from ... coast of ... Europe.

Упражнение 13. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Mary is studying ... English and ... chemistry this ... year. 2.... big ... books on ... table are for my ... litera- ture ... class. 3. No one in ... French ... class knew ... cor- rect ... answer to ... Mrs. Jones' ... question. 4. My ... car is four years old and still runs well. 5. When you go to ... shop, please buy ... bottle of ... milk and ... dozen ... apples. 6. On our ... trip to ... USA we crossed ... Atlan- tic Ocean. 7. What did you eat for ... breakfast this morning? 8. John played ... basketball and ... football at ... Boys' Club this ... year. 9. Sam can't go to ... cin- ema tonight, because he has to write ... composition. 10. ... knowledge is ... power.

Если перед существительным стоит порядковое числительное или прилагательное в превосходной степени в качестве определения, с ним употреб- ляется определенный артикль, the best movie the fifth floor

Неопределенный артикль ставится перед суще- ствительными, обозначающими время, вес, меру и число:

twice a month, hundred rubles a meter, five rubles a dozen;

перед числительными hundred, thousand, mil- lion, dozen.

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Упражнение 14. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1.... Moscow underground is ... best in ... world. 2. ... highest mountains are ... Himalayas. 3. Mike lives on ... third floor. 4. Jack was ... first to come to ... finish. 5. To get to ... Red Square turn right at... corner, it's ... second street on your left. 6. ... Atlantic Ocean is be- tween ... Africa and ... Americas. 7. Lake Superior is one of ... Great Lakes. 8. Tom's father is ... sailor. He spends most time in ... sea. 9. We invited Sam to ... din- ner ... next Friday. 10. I have English lessons once ... week. 11.I paid ten rubles ... pound for these apples. 12. This cloth is 100 rubles ... meter. 13. There were about... hundred people in ... hall.

Упражнение 15. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. One ... day Mr. Fox met Mrs. Cat in ... forest. She was ... small, pretty, black-and-white cat.

2. "Good day, Mr. Fox," said she, "how are you this ... fine morning? How expensive ... food is now! How do you get on ... these ... days?"

3. Mr. Fox was very proud, he didn't answer her ... polite greeting, looked at her, and turned away his ... head as if he didn't care for her. He said:

"You, ... poor bird-catcher! You, ... hungry mouse- hunter! I never worry about ... food. What ... stupid question! How many ... tricks do you know, you ... silly little thing?"

4. "I know only one. If ... house dogs or ... hounds chase me, I know how to jump up ... tree and save my- self," said Mrs. Cat.

"Is that all?" said Mr. Fox. "I know ... hundred tricks!"

5. Just then came ... hunter with ... couple of ... hounds. Mrs. Cat heard them, jumped up ... tree. She

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6. sat in ... thickest branches, where nobody could follow her.

6. Mr. Fox started to choose between ... hundred ways to get away from ... danger ... hounds were on him, and that was ... end of Mr. Fox.

When ... danger was over, Mrs. Cat climbed down from ... tree and said: "Mr. Fox had ... very bad man- ners! Perhaps, it's better to know only ... one trick."

Упражнение 16. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Sam never watches ... television. He doesn't have ... TV-set. 2.... voyage was long. They were in ... sea for three weeks. 3. ... giraffe is ... tallest animal in ... world. 4. Robin Hood robbed ... reach to give money to ... poor. 5. Mary is afraid of ... dogs. 6. ... coffee is more expensive than ... tea. 7. Fred robbed ... bank, but was caught by ... police and taken to ... prison. 8. Some chil- dren hate ... school. 9. After ... work we usually go ... home.

Упражнение 17. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. ... Great Britain consists of ... three parts. 2. It is washed by ... waters of ... Atlantic Ocean. 3.... Queen of Great Britain is not... absolute. 4. ... Tower is one of ... museums in London. 5. ... British drive on ... left-hand side in their country. 6. One will find ... news at... bot- tom of ... newspaper page. 7. ... window is made of ... glass. 8. ... carpet is on ... floor. 9. I am ... cute man.

10. Sometimes ... greatest gain is to be ... loser.

11. There are more than 80 Federation Subjects in ... Russian Federation.

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Упражнение 18. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. John has dropped ... brick. 2. Miss F. looks from one to ... other. 3. Sam was ... second year ... student. 4. He opened ... window before classes. 5. It happened nearly ... year ago. 6. John must do ... lot of exercises to pass ... English exam well. 7. ... President of ... United States is elected every 5 years.

Артикль не ставится перед именами сущест- вительными собственными, именами и фамили- ями, званиями, если за ними следует фамилия, названиями большинства улиц, городов, стран. Исключением являются имена собственные, упо- требленные в значении нарицательных, а также случаи, когда идет речь о стране или городе на

каком-то историческом этапе.

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Упражнение 19. Вставьте артикль, где необходимо,

1. ... Peter is my ... friend. 2. ... Shakespeare is ... greatest English writer. 3. ... London is ... capital of ... England. 4. He is ... Shakespeare of his age. 5. Sherlok Holmes lived in ... Baker street. 6. He was born in ... small town near ... Moscow. 7.... General Grant lived in ... United States in the 19th century. 8. ... Professor Jones was ... famous scientist.

Упражнение 20, Переведите на русский язык, об- ратите внимание на употребление артиклей.

1. There is a great difference between the Moscow of our days and the Moscow of the czarist Russia. 2. The England of the second half of the 18th century was on the eve of the industrial revolution.

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Упражнение 21. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Толстой — великий русский писатель. 2. Я живу на улице Бабушкина. 3. Она должна купить эту книгу в книжном магазине. Магазин находится на улице Лубянка. 4. Он путешествует по Европе. 5. Они проводят отпуск на Черном море. 6. После за- нятий ученики выходят из класса. 7. Они должны выполнить много упражнений по русскому языку, чтобы сдать экзамен хорошо. 8. Президент Россий- ской Федерации (пере)избирается каждые 5 лет.

Артикль не ставится перед именами существи- тельными, обозначающими вещество (молоко, во- да, мука, чернила и др.). Иное — при описании определенного, количественно ограниченного ве- щества.

Артикль не ставится перед отвлеченными име- нами существительными. Иное — при конкрети- зации таких понятий. Артикль также не ставится перед существительными dinner, supper, break- fast, lunch в тех случаях, когда идет речь о про- цессе принятия пищи. Если говорится о качестве еды, составляющей обед, ужин и пр., использу- ется определенный артикль.

Упражнение 22. Вставьте артикли, где необходимо.

1. ... milk is necessary for children. 2. ... water is necessary for plants. 3. ... milk is warm . 4. ... water is hot. 5. ... citizens have ... right to ... labor. 6. ... produc- tion has increased in ... last year. 7. ... production of steel has increased. 8. After ... dinner we went home. 9. ... dinner was well prepared.

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