- •1. The Old Germanic Ls, their classification and principal features.
- •3. The chronological division of the history of English.
- •6. Oe dialects. The role of the Wessex dialect.
- •8. Major spelling changes in me, their causes.
- •4. The Scandinavian invasion and its effect on English.
- •9,10,11. The oe vowel system (monophthongs and diphthongs). Major changes.
- •12. Consonant changes in me and ne (growth of affricates, loss of certain consonants).
- •5. The Norman Conquest and its effect on the history of English.
- •14. The oe noun system (grammatical categories, major types of declension).
- •15,The changes of the noun grammatical categories in me and their causes.
- •16. The oe personal pronouns, their grammatical categories and declension. Lexical replacement in me.
- •17. The development of the adjective in me (decay of grammatical categories and declensions).
- •18. The oe demonstrative pronouns, their grammatical categories and declension. The rise of the articles.
- •21. Oe strong verbs and their further development.
- •22. Oe preterit-present verbs and their further development.
- •24. The rise of analytical forms in verbal system in me.
- •20. Oe weak verbs and their further development.
- •19. The oe verb (grammatical categories, morphological types).
- •31. Borrowings from classical Ls in me.
- •29. Oe vocabulary, its volume and etymological structure.
- •28. Types of syntactic relations in oe.
- •26. Causes of changes in English morphology.
- •2. The common features of germanic languages
- •25 Verbals in the history of English
- •27.Oe syntax
- •30.Word Order
30.Word Order
The order of words in the OE sentence was relatively free. The position of words in the sentence was often determined by logical and stylistic factors rather than by grammatical constraints.
The order of words could depend on the communicative type of the sentence — question versus statement, on the type of clause, on the presence and place of some secondary parts of the sentence.
Inversion was used for grammatical purposes in questions; full in¬version with simple predicates and partial — with compound predi¬cates, containing link-verbs and modal verbs:
A peculiar type of word order is found in many subordinate and in some coordinate clauses: the clause begins with the subject following 'be connective, and ends with the predicate or its finite part, all the secondary parts being enclosed between them
Different types of word order couid be used in similar syntactical conditions. It appears that in many respects OE syntax was characterised by a wide range of varia¬tion and by the co-existence of various, sometimes even opposing, tend¬encies