- •М.Г. Иксанова English for Students of Programming
- •Введение
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it, define what programming is.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •Introduction to Computer Languages
- •2.Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Translate the following questions and answer them.
- •5. Express your opinion of Machine Language.
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Discuss these questions with a partner. Then tell your ideas.
- •1. Read the text, translate it and try to understand what compiling programs are.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it.
- •Visual Basic
- •File Type Description
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Draw your conclusion of the text.
- •1. Match the Russian terms on the left with the English equivalents on the right.
- •3. Match the English terms on the left with the Russian ones on the right.
- •2.Complete the sentences with a proper word.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •1. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Virtual Pascal
- •Visual FoxPro
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •4. Tell your ideas of the following:
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it. A Brief History of the Java Language
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Draw your own conclusion of the text.
- •1. Read the text.
- •2. Look through the text and equivalents to the terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Try to answer the following questions.
- •5. Write a few words about the main idea of the text.
- •1. Translate the following text, try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the terms.
- •4. Translate the questions and answer them.
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Try to answer the questions.
- •5. Try to define what a Database is.
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it.
- •Xml Basics
- •2.Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. After reading the text write down the disadvantages of html (from the author‘s point of view).
- •1. Match the Russian terms with the English ones.
- •2. Match the pairs of words.
- •3. Complete the sentences with a proper word.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •Unit 12
- •1.Read the text, try to express its main idea.
- •2. Look through the text and equivalents to the terms.
- •3. Match the terms on the left with the explanations on the right.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •1. Read the following text and try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Translate the questions and answer them.
- •5. Draw your conclusion of the text.
- •1. Read the text, try to define what cryptography is.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •1. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Write the questions which could cover the content of the text.
- •5. Express your own point of view of the text.
- •1. Match the Russian terms on the left with the English ones on the right.
- •2. Match the English terms with the Russian ones.
- •3. Complete the text with proper words.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •Reading Comprehension Practice Programming languages
- •1. Programming languages
- •2. The authoring system Software
- •Correctness and robustness
- •1. What is e-Commerce?
- •Categories of e-Commerce
- •Advantages of e-Commerce
- •Disadvantages of e-Commerce
- •Building an e-Commerce Site
- •Implementing an e-Commerce Site
- •Calculating
- •Information Retrieval
- •Data-Base Management
- •Intended Viruses
- •Virus Construction Sets
- •Polymorphic Generators
- •Цели курса
- •Иксанова м.Г. Рабочая программа
4. Answer the questions.
1. What is a modern digital computer?
2. What actions do the instructions tell the computer to perform?
3. What is a computer program?
4. What is programming?
5. What is an algorithm?
6. What should be done to develop a program to solve a particular problem?
UNIT 2
Introduction to Computer Languages
Translate the text with the help of a dictionary.
Machine Language
A computer understands only the instructions written in a specific language, called machine language. When computers were first developed, the only way they could be programmed was in terms of binary numbers. A number can be represented in many different forms, in different number systems. The most commonly used number system is the decimal (or base 10) system. Society also uses a few other systems; the base 60 system is used to keep track of time (6 seconds in a minute and 60 minutes in an hour).
Numbers represented in one number system can always be converted to another system. Thus, the binary numbers stored in a computer always correspond to a decimal number. The table below shows some binary number and their decimal counterparts:
Binary Number Decimal Number
0
1
2 11 3
4
5
6
7
Although this will make perfect sense to a computer, it makes no sense to humans. People are not nearly as capable as computers in the handling of numbers, especially binary numbers. That’s why the next technological software advance occurred in the development of assembly languages, which enabled the programmer to work with the machine on a slightly higher level. Instead of having to specify sequences of binary numbers to carry out particular tasks, the assembly language permits the programmer to use symbolic names to perform various operations and to refer to specific memory locations.
The assembly language words to perform the computation 2+2 are the following:
Assembly Language Machine Language
MOV AX, 2 101110000000001000000000
MOV BX, 2 101110110000001000000000
ADD AX, BX 0000001111000011
The assembly language words are easier to read, but to the layperson they will still mean very little. The figure below describes in English what this assembly language program does:
Assembly Language English Description
MOV AX, 2 Move the number 2 to a place called AX.
MOV BX, 2 Move the number 2 to a place called BX
ADD AX, BX Add the value in AX to the value in BX.
The result (2+2) will be saved in AX.
Computers understand only those programs written in machine language. Assembly language must be translated into machine language by a program called an assembler which takes the assembly language program and produces an equivalent machine language program.
Different computers have different machine languages. For example, the IBM PC family of computers understands a completely different machine language than the Apple II or Macintosh computers. In fact, even the Apple II and Macintosh have different machine languages. These machine languages are as different from each other as English is from German.
The words to the text:
todevelopразрабатывать, совершенствовать, развивать
binaryдвоичные числа
commonlyобычно
numbersystemсистема счисления
decimalnumberдесятичная система
tokeepподдерживать, сохранять
toconvertпревращать, обращать
tostoreзапасать, накапливать, сохранять
to correspond соответствовать
counterpart копия
to handle обрабатывать
tooccurпроисходить, возникать
insteadofвместо
to specify указывать
to carry out выполнять
topermitпозволять, разрешать
laypersonнепрофессионал
figure цифра, диаграмма