- •М.Г. Иксанова English for Students of Programming
- •Введение
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it, define what programming is.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •Introduction to Computer Languages
- •2.Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Translate the following questions and answer them.
- •5. Express your opinion of Machine Language.
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Discuss these questions with a partner. Then tell your ideas.
- •1. Read the text, translate it and try to understand what compiling programs are.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it.
- •Visual Basic
- •File Type Description
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Draw your conclusion of the text.
- •1. Match the Russian terms on the left with the English equivalents on the right.
- •3. Match the English terms on the left with the Russian ones on the right.
- •2.Complete the sentences with a proper word.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •1. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •Virtual Pascal
- •Visual FoxPro
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •4. Tell your ideas of the following:
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it. A Brief History of the Java Language
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. Draw your own conclusion of the text.
- •1. Read the text.
- •2. Look through the text and equivalents to the terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Try to answer the following questions.
- •5. Write a few words about the main idea of the text.
- •1. Translate the following text, try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the terms.
- •4. Translate the questions and answer them.
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Try to answer the questions.
- •5. Try to define what a Database is.
- •1. Read the text, try to understand it.
- •Xml Basics
- •2.Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3.Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •5. After reading the text write down the disadvantages of html (from the author‘s point of view).
- •1. Match the Russian terms with the English ones.
- •2. Match the pairs of words.
- •3. Complete the sentences with a proper word.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •Unit 12
- •1.Read the text, try to express its main idea.
- •2. Look through the text and equivalents to the terms.
- •3. Match the terms on the left with the explanations on the right.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •1. Read the following text and try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Translate the questions and answer them.
- •5. Draw your conclusion of the text.
- •1. Read the text, try to define what cryptography is.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Answer the questions.
- •1. Read the text and try to understand it.
- •2. Look through the text and find equivalents to the following terms.
- •3. Choose the definitions to the following terms.
- •4. Write the questions which could cover the content of the text.
- •5. Express your own point of view of the text.
- •1. Match the Russian terms on the left with the English ones on the right.
- •2. Match the English terms with the Russian ones.
- •3. Complete the text with proper words.
- •4. Translate into English.
- •Reading Comprehension Practice Programming languages
- •1. Programming languages
- •2. The authoring system Software
- •Correctness and robustness
- •1. What is e-Commerce?
- •Categories of e-Commerce
- •Advantages of e-Commerce
- •Disadvantages of e-Commerce
- •Building an e-Commerce Site
- •Implementing an e-Commerce Site
- •Calculating
- •Information Retrieval
- •Data-Base Management
- •Intended Viruses
- •Virus Construction Sets
- •Polymorphic Generators
- •Цели курса
- •Иксанова м.Г. Рабочая программа
3.Match the words on the left with the correct definition on the right.
software helps to keep track of all the files in a project
New Project dialog the information processed by a computer
Project Explorer the window which helps to select the type of project which should be
created
Project file the programs and data used in a computer
project to find and fix the faults in a program or system
data the group of all the files which make up a program
debug information about all files in the program
4. Answer the questions.
1.What is the main function of a project?
2.What are the stages of creating a Visual Basic program?
3. What is called a project in Visual Basic?
4. Why can’t a computer sometimes do anything?
5. What does the Project Explorer allow?
6. How can new files be added to a project?
7. What can be used to keep track of multiple forms?
4. Tell your ideas of the following:
What do you think of advantages and disadvantages of Visual Basic, Virtual Pascal and Visual FoxPro?
UNIT 7
1. Read the text, try to understand it. A Brief History of the Java Language
The Java language is the fastest growing programming language in computing history. Its exponential growth parallels the growth of the Internet for which it was designed. But, Java technology is much more than just a new language.
In late 1990, Sun Microsystems, Inc., a manufacturer of high-end Unix work stations, initiated a project code-named “Oak”.
The goal was to design a technology that could integrate electronic devices with other computing devices using a standard programming language via the Internet.
Discouraged by the complexity and unreliability of the C++ language, James Gosling set out in June of 1991 to create an “Oak” interpreter—a simple, reliable, object-oriented (OO) language. Today, Gosling is considered the “ Father of the Java language”. Originally, the Java compiler was written in the C language. As proof of the viability of the Java language, the compiler was rewritten in the Java language in 1994. In May of 1995, Sun formally announced the Java language. Therefore, May 23, 1995 is considered Lava’s “birthday”. In short order, all the major software manufacturers licensed Java technology.
The first major use of Java technology on the Internet was the use of applets. An applet is a Java application which is run under the control of a browser inside an HTML Web page. Virtually, everyone with a Web site added an applet to perform special text or graphics effects, which enlivened otherwise boring, static Web pages.
Next, stand-alone Java applications began to appear. But by far the most widespread use of Java technology is in server-side applications, using JavaServer Pages (JSP), Enterprise JavaBeans (EJBs), and Java servlets.
Design Goals of Java Technology
The success of Java technology, and the genius of Gosling, is due to its design.
Simplicity – The syntax of the Java language is similar to those of C and C++. Therefore, it is both familiar to and easily learned by C and C++ programmers.
However, features of those languages that contribute to programming errors – like pointers, memory management, and multiple inheritance – were changed.
Object Orientation (OO) – The Java language is based on the modern object programming paradigm in which things are objects and verbs are methods (functions).
Architecture Independence – Java applications are compiled into an intermediate language called byte code, which is executed by an interpreter called a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Theoretically, a compiled Java application can run on any hardware which hosts either a JVM or a Java Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler. Thus, Java applications are portable; that is, a Java application can be distributed as compiled binaries that will run on any Java platform. However, it is possible to write non-portable code by accessing platform – specific features.
Networking – The Java language is the first programming language to incorporate networking from the beginning. Therefore, it is as easy to read a file over the Internet as it is to read a local, disk file.
Distributed Architecture – A Java application can be written to run across multiple Web servers, loading classes and creating objects dynamically as needed.
Security – Java technology has built-in security management. All potentially dangerous methods ( for example, deleting a file) must first ask the Security Manager whether the action is permitted. This level of security is critical to applications that are downloaded over the Web.
Java Technology Components
Java technology comprises three major components – the Java programming language, the Java interpreter or Java Virtual Machine (JVM), and the Java platform.
The Java programming language is a state-of-the-art, object – oriented language.
Its syntax is like that of the C language. It is easily learned, extremely powerful, and prohibits many types of programming errors.
The Java Virtual Machine (JVM), or Java interpreter, executes the compiled Java applications. One or more JVMs are available for every major computing platform. Sun Microsystems distributes free JVMs for its proprietary Solaris systems and for Windows platforms. JVMs are, also, available for Linux, MacOS, and Unix platforms.
The Java platform consists of a set of predefined classes organized into packages which are extensions to the basic Java language. These packages provide graphics, graphical user interface (GUI), input/output, networking, and security. While the Java language proper seldom changes, the platform changes with every new release.
Java Technology vs. C++
The Java language is often considered to be a descendent of the C++ language. Some wags call the Java language “C++--++”, meaning that the Java language consists of C++ minus some troublesome features plus some new features.
C++ is compiled to machine language, making it non- portable in that it must be recompiled on every target platform.
On the other hand, compiled Java code can be run on any Java platform without recompilation.
C++ uses pointers to refer to memory locations. Pointers can be directly manipulated by C++ programmers, often resulting in catastrophic programming errors. Java references, on the other hand, cannot be used in pointer arithmetic, effectively eliminating an entire class of errors in C and C++ programs.
C++ requires the programmer to manage memory by allocating and deallocating chunks of memory for program use. Java technology handles memory management automatically.
Early on, C++ programs were faster than Java applications; because, whereas C++ is compiled to machine language, Java applications run on a software interpreter or virtual machine.
The words to the text:
exponentialэкспоненциальный, показательный
growthрост
toinitiateначинать
goalцель
viaчерез
unreliabilityненадежность
tosetoutнамереваться, собираться
originallyизначально
proofдоказательство
viabilityжизнеспособность
toperformделать, создавать
toenlivenоживлять, разнообразить
toappearпоявляться
familiarзнакомый
tocontributeспособствовать, содействовать
inheritanceунаследование (свойств), последствие
toexecuteвыполнять
portableпортативный
todistributeраспределять, распространять
binaryдвойной, двоичный
toincorporateобъединять
securityбезопасность
toprohibitзапрещать
proprietaryсобственный
extensionрасширение
descendentпроисходящий
wagшутник
toreferссылаться
toeliminateустранять, исключать
entireвесь, целый