- •Additional materials
- •B) Planning a Career.
- •In your opinion, what qualities do you need for the job?
- •Interpreter /Translator
- •Veterinarian
- •I want to be an … interpreter
- •2. Aleck Toumayan (us) speaks on the subject.
- •II. Topic 'Illnesses and their treatment'
- •1. Sars
- •2. Shots for Safety
- •3. Brain & Body
- •III. Topic 'City' (London, Moscow) London places of interest.
- •IV. Topic 'Meals'
- •I. Work with a partner and discuss the following questions.
- •II. What kind of restaurants do you like? Add the phrases in the box to the diagram to make twelve expressions.
- •I. What do the following adjectives describe? Choose nouns from the box.
- •II. You can often turn a food noun into an adjective by adding –y.
- •2. Think of a wine you like and prepare a description of it using the words below. Try some other food and drink adjectives as well. Don't worry if you sound a bit strange – so do the wine experts!
- •V. Topic 'Education' School Education in Russia
- •I. Before reading the text try to answer the following questions remembering your school experience.
- •Primary and Secondary Schools in the uk (Selective, Comprehensive and Private Systems)
- •14. What exams should a school leaver pass at school according to university matriculation requirements? Higher Education in Great Britain
- •Old Universities
- •System of education in the usa
- •VI. Topic 'Sports and Games' the Olympic Games.
- •I. Antiquity
- •II. Revival
- •Initial information
- •VII. Topic 'Geography'
- •5. Gulf – bay – inlet – cove – arm – bight.
- •Vocabulary exercises.
- •Tropical forests
- •Temperate forests
- •Savanna
- •Temperate Grassland
- •Industrial and agricultural centres of the uk.13
- •1. Japan
- •2. Saudi Arabia
- •Industry and agriculture of Russia.
- •I. Political systems of different countries
- •1. Political system of Denmark
- •2. Political system of Austria
- •3. Political system of Saudi Arabia.
- •II. Peoples and Languages.
- •III. Religions
- •Introductory text.
VI. Topic 'Sports and Games' the Olympic Games.
About the Games
The
long journey of the Olympic games began more than 2,700 years ago.
Records of Olympic
history
show that the ancient
Olympic games
were held in Greece as early as in 776 BC. It was then that the basis
of the Olympic Movement began to evolve into a philosophy of life:
exalting
and combining the qualities of body, will, and mind in a balanced
whole. Out of this philosophy the Olympic Ideals were born,
placing noble competition, sport, peace, a culture, and education at
the very core of Greek civilization.
By
393 AD, when Emperor Theodosius abolished the event for being too
'pagan', over 290 Olympic Games had been held. But despite the
abolishment of the Games, the Olympic Ideals survived the
centuries and were eventually revived
by
the French Baron Pierre de Coubertin. In 1896 the first Modern
Olympic Games
were held in Athens and since that time have been on a journey around
the world for more than a century.
Now,
at the dawn of the 3rd millennium, the Games are returning to the
country of their birth and the city of their revival.
In 2004, Greece will be called upon to empower
the
Olympic Movement once again, placing sport at the service of peace.
The
city
of Athens
will offer a unique Olympic experience in a safe
and secure environment.
An environment greatly improved through infrastructure projects as
varied as the construction of modern competition venues and
the development of a
state-of-the-art transportation
network.
And it is through this kind of projects that the 2004 Games aspire to
leave a lasting legacy
to
the people of Greece and the world.
History
"As
in the daytime there is no star in the sky warmer and brighter than
the sun, likewise there is no competition greater than the Olympic
Games."
Pindar,
Greek lyric poet, 5th
century B.C.
This
view of the Olympic Games has its roots in ancient Greece. Early
historic records date the first Ancient
Olympic Games
to 776 BC, when the core values of Olympism first began to develop
into benchmarks
of
human creativity and excellence. Over the centuries, the Games would
illuminate
examples
of extraordinary achievement. They would become the stage for the
celebration of noble competition and the educational value of sport
until 393 AD, when Emperor Theodosius abolished them for being 'too
pagan'.
In
1896, thanks to the great efforts of Frenchman Pierre de Coubertin,
Dimitrios Vikelas, and other contributors, the first Modern
Olympic Games were
held in the country of their birth. The Greek nation and the whole
world embraced their revival and once again turned them into the
greatest celebration on earth. In
the century to follow,
the Games traveled to countries around the world, encountering
a wide range of cultures and civilizations,
facing new challenges, growing, and evolving.
I. Antiquity
Ancient
Olympic Games
According to historic records, the first ancient Olympic Games can be traced back to 776 BC. They were dedicated to the Olympian Gods and were staged on the ancient plains of Olympia, famous for its magnificent temples of the gods Zeus and Hera. They initially had a religious character and combined a number of ancient sporting events, many of which were based on ancient Greek myths.
The ancient Games actually occupied an important position in the life of our ancestors. An Olympiad was a time unit, measuring the four-year interval between two Games. Participants came to compete from every corner of the Greek world aiming at the ultimate prize: an olive wreath and a "heroic" return to their city-states. But apart from the glorious victory, it was the Olympic values themselves which accorded special meaning to the Games: noble competition and the effort to combine body, will, and mind in a balanced whole.
As the Games developed, so did a set of procedures such as a standardized schedule of events and the practice of the Olympic Truce. They continued for nearly 12 centuries, until Emperor Theodosius decreed, in 393 AD, that all such 'pagan cults' be banned. He asserted that the Games placed an excessive public focus on athletic and spiritual affairs and abolished them