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Additional materials

FOR THE SEcond YEAR STUDENTS

TO THE TEXTBOOK BY PROFESSOR ARAKIN V. D.

Yekaterinburg

2009

I.Topic 'Choosing a career"

Introductory texts.

A) Choosing an Occupation.

One of the most difficult problems a young person faces is deciding what to do about a career. There are individuals, of course, who from the time they are six years old "know" that they want to be doctors or pilots or fire fighters, but the majority of us do not get around to making a decision about an occupation or career until somebody or something forces us to face the problem.

Choosing an occupation takes time, and there are a lot of things you have to think about as you try to decide what you would like to do. You may find that you will have to take special courses to qualify¹for a particular job.

Fortunately, there are a lot of people you can turn to for advice and help in making your decision. At most schools, there are teachers who are professionally qualified to counsel you and give detailed information about job qualifications. And you can talk over your ideas with family members and friends who are always ready to listen and to offer suggestions. But even if you get other people involved in helping you make a decision, self-evaluation is an important part of the decision-making process.

Answer these questions:

1. What is the most difficult problem for a young person?

2. Why don't the majority of young people know what they want to be?

3. When do they make a decision about an occupation?

4. What things do you have to think about when choosing an occupation?

5. What should one do to qualify for a particular job?

6. Whom can you turn to for advice when making your decision?

7.What is the most important part of the decision-making process?

Find in the text English equivalents to the following words and phrases:

1.Столкнуться с проблемой; 2. пожарный; 3. большинство из нас; 4. выбор профессии; 5.обладать квалификацией, необходимой для определенной работы; 6. обнаружить; 7. приобрести знания; 8. обсудить; 9. привлечь других людей.

B) Planning a Career.

Having a job and having a career are two very different things. A job is something you do to make money. You may enjoy the job, work hard at it and do well, but you are primarily doing it for money to satisfy your other interests outside of the work environment. A career is something that integrates your desires and interests so that it gives you satisfaction above and beyond the money you make. To have a career means commitment and development but first of all planning. This process can begin at any age. For some people it starts when they are a small child and visit mom or dad at their place of work. For others it can come later through the inspiration of a teacher or exposure to a wider range of fields.

It is up to each individual to decide whether a job or a career is best for them. People may share the same talent and interest but other aspect of their personality will dictate which direction to go with that interest. For example, one guitar player may decide to plan a career as a professional musician. Another may decide that the financial insecurity is too much for him, get a regular job and satisfy his musical interests in his free time.

Whether you decide to get a job or plan a career, the job market today is quite different from that of your parents (and even probably from your elder sibling). In the Soviet system, under raspredeleniye, young people were guaranteed a job upon graduation. Now, not only are there no guarantees after university, institute or school, but available jobs are scarce and difficult to secure. The young person in today's Russia faces a very competitive job market.

What do the new dynamics of the Russian job market mean for young people? First, if they have decided they want a career, they must start early in their academic life to plan and take steps to develop their professional careers. Second, in addition to suitable background for a desired career, creativity, self-promotion and preparation are absolutely vital for any sort of success in the job search. Last, students must develop confidence in themselves and recognize the power that each of them has to take control of their future and shape it in a way that is best for them.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statements.

1. Having a job and having a career are two very different things.

2. Planning a career can begin at any age.

3. The choice of a career doesn't only depend on a person's talents and interests.

4. To face a competitive job market is to have no guarantees for getting a job.

5. To take control of the future and to be well-prepared for the challenges of the job market, one should take several very important steps.

Match the words from the text and the definitions given below.

1. To combine desires and interests. 2. Obligation. 3. Older brother or sister. 4. Jobs that may be obtained. 5. The changes of the job market.

6. A situation in which you have to compete for a job. 7. Education environment. 8. Self-encouragement. 9. Progress through life (career).

There are more than two thousand professions and trades in the world.

All jobs can be divided into five categories. Can you name at least five jobs and explain what main traits of character each category demands?

Man-Man

Man-Nature

Man-Art

Man-Sign

Man-Machine.

Many jobs can be referred to two or even more categories at the same time.

Match the occupation in column A with the job description in column B.

1. a lawyer	a) serves people in a restaurant
2. a meteorologist	b) prepares drinks in a bar
3. a waiter	c) defends people in trouble
4. a bartender	d) studies weather patterns
5. a professor	e) teaches in a university
6. a mayor	f) treats heart patients
7. a cardiologist	g) runs a city government
8. a newscaster	h) cleans buildings
9. a janitor	i) fixes cars
10. a surgeon	j) runs the state government
11. a governor	k) investigates crimes
12. a mechanic	l) performs operations
13. a detective	m) reports the news

Say what these people do at work. Take turns naming these occupations.

e.g. Student A: Mailman (postman). What does a mailman do at work?

Student B: A mailman delivers mail (post). Travel agent. What does a travel agent do at work?

A matron, a childminder, a turner, an engineer, a conductor, a taxi driver, a fireman, a milkmaid, an optician, a social worker, a secretary, a sailor, a hairdresser, a barber, a librarian, an architect, a forester, pharmacist, a photographer.

Translate into Russian. Consult a dictionary if necessary. Make sentences of your own with these expressions.

a popular psychiatrist a considerate health visitor a hard-working social worker an experienced speech therapist a highly-qualified lecturer a well-read teacher a stern prison-officer a brave security guard an energetic travelling salesman a witty newspaper correspondent

a shrewd marketing manager a wise realtor an inventive advertising executive a thorough market researcher a serious personnel manager a neat company secretary a committed librarian a helpful solicitor a discreet archivist a talented tragic actor

Fill in blanks with the words:

a) career, job, work, profession, trade, vocation.

1. Should all ___ be open to women? 2. It's a hard ___ for a poor man to keep his wife and children clothed and fed. 3. What time do you get to your ___? 4. He's a lawyer by ___. 5. Shoemaking is a useful ___. 6. He lost his ___. 7. It's difficult to find ___ during a depression. 8. Your new Bantley car is a nice ___. 9. He has little oк no ___ for teaching ___. 10. The college teaches many useful ___. 11. As a speech therapist she feels she has finally found her ___. 12. I want to find out more about ___ in journalism. 13. Please fill in the details of your present ___. 14. Fewer young people are entering the legal ___ nowadays. 15. Women often return to ___ after they have had children. 16. The boys were sent to a special college where they would all be taught a ___. 17. At the age of 37 Mike suddenly found himself out of ___ and without much hope of finding a ___. 18. These days there are more and more ___ opportunities for women. 19. Men in manual ___ are less prone to stress-related illnesses. 20. Teaching is a ___ that requires total commitment.

b) earnings, pay, salary, wages

1. She is moving to a new job with better ___. 2. I spent a whole month's ___ on my vacation. 3. Part-time teachers have different working conditions than teachers on a ___. 4. The basic ___ is poor, but with overtime the average ___ are nearly $190 per week. 5. He was on sick ___ for the two weeks he spent in the hospital. 6. He receives a fantastic ___ as chairman of the company. 7. He has a very comfortable income from his lawyer's ___ and various investments. 8. My dad's take-home ___ was 40 dollars a week. 9. We usually get our ___ on Tuesday afternoon.

Translate all adjectives into Russian. Which qualities best describe people who want to succeed in work or study?

accurate - ambitious - broad-minded - careful - careless - conscientious – critical - decisive - dependable –

diligent - enthusiastic - frank – generous – independent - indifferent – intro/extrovert - patient – persistent –

quick-minded - quiet – reliable – reserved – responsible – self-centred – straightforward – strong-willed – truthful -