2.2. General laws Succession Process

For any succession, especially primary care, characterized by the following general regularities of the process:

1. In the initial stages of species diversity is low, but as the succession of these figures are rising.

2. As the number increases, succession relationships between organisms. Especially increasing the number and role of symbiotic relationship. More fully mastered habitat complicated chains and food chain.

3. The number of vacant ecological niches, and in the climax community are either absent or are at a minimum. In this regard, the development of succession decreases the likelihood of outbreaks of certain species.

4. intensifying processes of circulation of substances, energy flow ecosystems.

5. The rate of succession processes to a greater extent depends on the longevity of organisms that play a major role in adding and functioning of ecosystems. In this respect, the longest succession in forest ecosystems. Shorter them in ecosystems where autotrophic link represented by herbaceous plants, and more rapidly occurring in aquatic ecosystems.

6. The tenure of the final stages of succession relative. Dynamic processes does not terminate, but only slowed down. Continued dynamic processes caused by changes in the mean proportion occupied by dynamic processes of cyclic (fluctuating) plan.

7. In the mature stage of the climax community biomass usually reaches maximum or near-maximum values. Ambiguous performance of individual communities at the stage menopause.

Usually it is considered that the development of succession processes productivity increases and reaches a maximum at intermediate stages and then in klymaks community is sharply reduced. Last linking, firstly, to the fact that at that time the most primary production is consumed by the Consumer, and, secondly, the ecosystem develops extremely large mass assimilation system, leading to a shortage of light, resulting in a decrease in the intensity of photosynthesis, while increasing loss products on the assimilation of breath most autotrophs .

These provisions can not be extended to all klimaksn community. For example, there is no real prerequisites for increasing the number of heterotrophs in coniferous forests compared to deciduous. Rather, the latter more consumers of green products and more likely to outbreaks of certain views, herbivores, such as insects.

There is also no theoretical assumptions or evidence that would prove that the mature klymaksnoy system, such as the spruce forests, the mass of the needles is excessively high values. This is contrary to the principles of adaptation to increased nutrient geochemical energy organisms as a condition of their survival (second biogeochemical principle VI Vernadsky). The whole experience of Forestry also shows the highest performance climax forest communities (in relation to the forest zone of coniferous or mixed coniferous-deciduous forest). Otherwise, in terms of getting products (wood), the inevitable conclusion of inappropriate focus on the cultivation and conservation of forests klimaksnyh stages.

With regard to other ecosystems, such as meadow, we can agree that the possibility of getting products to the climax stage is decreasing, not because it reduces the growth (growth, productivity), on the grounds that a significant portion of its alienated as a result of heterotrophs formation of stable chains vyedaniya.

In other words, the productivity of ecosystems at the climax stage of succession is high. Typically, the maximum due to a more complete exploration of space. However, the possibility of removing human primary production is limited (sometimes to zero) due to its inclusion in the food chain.