1.2 Synhenetychni and endoekohenetychni succession

Synhenetychni succession process observed changes of new habitats by plants, quarries, embankments, landfills, sand, fresh river skidding. Therefore, the main role in this succession and interaction play a selection of plants that have occupied this virgin territory, as well as soil and climatic conditions. The interaction of all groups with the environment is only beginning. Elements environment (fitoklimat and soil) is only beginning to emerge and are in their infancy. If the site that is populated previously exposed to certain groups, it indicates primary succession (eg, retreating glaciers, frozen magma, recently formed sand Dune). These pioneer succession is called avtohenetychnymy.

If vegetation areas partially or totally destroyed, but has a well-developed soil layer, which are the seeds or spores that a change in species composition is called secondary succession (birch, alder pioneer vegetation after mining career or shift). These secondary succession VM Sukachyov called epdoekohenetychnymy. They occur after synhenetychnymy succession after being pioneer group has created an atmosphere in the next period of development change with subsequent changes in the environment that result from the actual vital functions of this group (enriched species is complicated spatial structure).

Passing synhenetychnoyi and endoekohenetychnoyi succession illustrated by the spontaneous formation klimaksovoyi oak French Mediterranean:

Oakery who has completed a series of succession, it should not be called menopause and dysklhmaksom because he apparently did not repeat the climax of which HC1 lis existed in the area.

1.3 Ekzohenetychni and holohenetychni succession

Ekzohenetychni succession due to reasons that are outside of the group and depend on external geo-physical and chemical factors. These V.M.Sukachov also includes changes caused by human activity (fire, logging, grazing, recreation overload) and the mass distribution of any animals (insects, rodents).

Holohenetychni succession resulting from changes in all physical and geo-graphical environment or its separate parts - the atmosphere, lithosphere, hydrosphere. These include changes in successional plant communities under the influence of global climate change, drying large areas of wetlands, change the channel of the river and the development of new river valley.

1.4 Degradation of succession

Some successions occur in sequential use of different resources that decompose. This succession is called degradation. This, for example, schedule pine needles. Precipitation needles, depending on age, inhabit different colonies of fungi, and when the gray-black needles precipitated, and their fabrics are softened and become fragile, further destruction of internal tissues perform soil mites. After about two years, when the needles are compressed and becomes a qualitatively new form, complete destructive activities arthropods. After about seven needles in this layer are structurally similar to the soil.

R.Dazho this type of succession that has not completed the final climax, calls destructive (similar degradation). Here there is a change in environmental conditions associated with biotic factors, as we have seen by the example of the schedule pine needles. A similar process occurs in hay infusions. (Fig. 2.)

Fig. 2. Succession simple infusion of hay. Changing the number of individuals depending on the age of culture, in days, the vertical axis - the number of individuals of different species in cm3.