Grammar in use

Infinitive, its forms and functions

To study well is our duty. The doctor’s duty is to treat patients. I want to become a doctor. Pirogov was the first to have used plaster-of-Paris. This lecture is one of the most important to attend. I entered the Medical University to study and become a doctor. The patient was too weak to get out of the bed.

Добре навчатися – наш обов’язок. Обов’язок лікаря – лікувати пацієнтів. Я хочу стати лікарем. Пирогов був першим, хто використав гіпс. Ця лекція одна з найважливіших, яку слід відвідати. Я вступив до медичного університету, щоб навчатися і стати лікарем. Пацієнт був дуже слабким, щоб вставати з ліжка.

Exercise 1. Translate into Russian paying attention to the Infinitives.

1. To identify the virus causing human influenza serologic tests are made.

2. Tuberculin seems to have no value in prevention of tuberculosis.

3. The tumor to be removed is benign.

4. I remember to have been prescribed this ointment for skin irritation.

5. The surgeon took a scalpel to make a midline abdominal incision.

6. To prevent complications after the flu one must go to bed at the onset of the disease and take the prescribed drugs.

7. The old man was too weak to be operated on and the doctor decided to postpone the operation.

8. N.I. Pirogov was the first to use ether anesthesia during operations.

9. To treat advanced cases of malignant tumors is very difficult.

10. We had to take the newly admitted patient for an operation immediately to prevent the rupture of the appendix.

Exercise 2. Translate into English paying attention to the use of the Infinitive:

1. Щоб виписати цього хворого ми повинні мати всі аналізи.

2. Видалити цю пухлину треба як найшвидше.

3. Він занадто старий, щоб перенести таку складну операцію.

4. Жінка вирішила зробити пластичну операцію, щоб позбавитися шраму на обличчі.

5. Ось той хворий, котрому терміново потрібно зробити рентген.

6. Він буде останнім, кто дізнається про цю страшну подію.

7. Щоб видалити зуб, треба спочатку зробити місцеве знеболювання.

8. Студенти раділи, що їм учора показали пластичну операцію.

9. Він першим прийшов до операційній.

10. Молодому лікарю було важко поставити діагноз.

Exercise 3. Read the sentences and open the brackets in the correct tense and voice. Translate them into your native language:

1. The treatment, the patient (to begin) two weeks before, is quite ineffective.

2. The condition of the patient we are treating already (to become) better.

3. The scientist already (to include) the method of determining the origin of the pulmonary disease in his research.

4. The faculty, where my brother studies, (to train) pediatricians.

5. Patient Kirichenko (to bring) the findings of his blood analysis in 1 hour.

6. My brother (to prepare) for the exams now.

7. The pulmonary artery (to deliver) oxygen and (to remove) carbon dioxide.

8. Foreign matters (to expell) from the body through swallowing, coughing or sneezing.

Exercise 4. Make up interrogative sentences to the underlined words:

1. The right lung consists of three lobes.

2. New experimental findings were established by a young scientist.

3. My sister is suffering from pneumonia now.

4. The doctor has observed considerable changes in the lungs.

5. The nurse made an injection of antibiotics.

6. Students will be delivered a lecture in 2 days.

7. Cilia grow in the larynx, trachea and bronchi.

8. The oxygen travels through the larynx and down the trachea into two bronchi.