2.2. Options in the translation of fictional discourse synonyms

2.2.1. Lexical transformations in the translation of fictional discourse synonyms

Before analysing role of translation transformations in ­ translation process of stories of D. G. Lawrence, we will consider the definitions of this ­ term offered by the leading rewater Veda (V. N. Komissarov, L. S. ­ Barkhudarov, Ya. I. Retsker, A. D. Schweitzer and others). So, according to L. S. Barkhudarov, translation transformations are various interlingual transformations which are carried out for ­ achievement of translation equivalence of the translation [1, p 190]. Ya. I. Retsker calls transformations receptions of logical thinking by means of which the translator opens value of the foreign-language word in context and finds to it the Ukrainian compliance which is not coinciding with dictionary (lexical ­ transformations) and transformations of sentence structure in translation process according to standards of the translating language (grammatical ­ transformations). A. D. Schweitzer believes that the term "transformation" is used in theory of translation in metaphorical sense and calls transformation "transformation" [7, p 118].

Speaking about translation transformations, it should be noted lack of uniform system of classification of transformations when transfer. Ya. I. Retsker, L. S. Barkhudarov, V. N. Komissarov, A. D. Schweitzer, A. M. Fiterman, T. R. ­ Levitskaya and others offer various divisions of translation ­ transformations from which distinguish: 1) shifts, 2) replacements, 3) additions, 4) omissions [9].

There are many reasons, defiant lexical transformations, and completely to capture all reasons there is no opportunity. Therefore we will limit the choice only to some main reasons, causing the necessity of this kind of transformations.

In word meaning in different languages different signs of the same phenomenon or concept where the vision of the world peculiar to this language rather to carriers of this language is reflected are often allocated that inevitably creates difficulties when transfer.

"I'm getting up, Teddlinks, - said Mrs Whiston (1, с.53). "Я встаю, Теддлінкс", - сказала Місіс Вістон. to say - to express something using words. "What the Hanovers got you? - Asked Whiston (1, с.53). "Якого біса?" - Запитав Вістон.ask - to speak or write to someone in order to get information from them. "Nothing. Cant I get up? - She replied animatedly (1, с.53). "Нічого. Я не можу прокинутися?" - Відповіла вона жваво. to reply - to say, write or do something as an answer. "Rise up! - She cried, turning to him (1, с.54). "Вставай!" - Крикнула вона йому, повернувшись. to cry - to shout something. ."Yes" - she answered, after a moment (1, с.62). "Так", - відповіла вона, трохи подумавши. to answer - to give a spoken reply to a question. ."Come late, would you, - he shouted, -" like royalty "(1, с.67). "Не могли б ви прийти пізніше, як члени королівської сім'ї?" - крикнув он.shout - to say something in a loud voice. He opened his mouth wide, when he spoke (1, с.67). Він широко відкривав рот, коли говорив. to speak - to talk to someone about something. "Well, its my fault, not yours. You enjoy yourself - he bade her (1, с.69). "Що ж, це моя вина, не твоя. Насолоджуйся собою", - він наказав їй. to bade - to order someone to do something. "Are you playing cribbage? Is it exciting? - She chattered (1, с.70). "Ви граєте в карти? І яке це?" - Щебетала вона. To chatter - to talk continuously in a fast informal way, usually aboutsubjects. "That do for me, - he whispered (1, с.78). "З мене досить", - прошепотів він. to whisper - to say something very quietly, so that other people can not hear. "That great hog an all, - he added (1, с.80). "Це хамство", - додав він - to say something more that is related to what has been said already. "Ah! - Whiston exclaimed." What does it matter? (1, с.82) "А!" - Вигукнув Вістон. - "Що це означає?" to exclaim - to say something suddenly and loudly, especially, because you are surprised, impressed, angry. "And youll back-fire them stockings, Im telling you" (1, с.85). "І ти їх спалиш, я тобі це говорю". to tell - to give information to someone. "Pf! - She sneered (1, с.88). "Пф!" - Фиркнула вона. sneer - to say or utter (something) in a scornful or contemptuous manner. "Ive not had anything to do with him, - she quavered (1, с.90). "У мене нічого з ним не було", - вона вимовила тремтячим голосом. to quaver - to say or sing (something) with a trembling voice.

Having conducted this research, we can draw conclusion that in this work huge number of various synonyms. They do the story nasyshchenny, more colourfully and more interesting to reading. Without them work would not be so bright. By results of research, it is possible to draw conclusion that at D. G. Lawrence's story "White stocking" there are 9 leksiko-semanichesky groups united by look value, 24 lexico-semantic groups united by move value and 15 lexico-semantic groups united by speak value. Also, thanks to semantization of the story it was succeeded to understand better his main idea and thought which the author tried to inform to readers.