Задания к тексту
I. Прочитайте текст. Укажите, какое из приведенных ниже
утверждений соответствует содержанию текста T (true), а какое
не соответствует F (false); сделайте необходимые исправления:
The Congress of the USA consists of two parts. T/F
US Senators are elected for life. T/F
The Vice-President of the USA is the president of the Senate. T/F
The Chief Justice appoints the justices. T/F
The President of the United States is a member of the
judicial branch. T/F
II. Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:
What is the job of the US Congress?
_________________________________________________
What is the function of the executive branch?
_________________________________________________
What is the term of office of the President ?
_______________________________________________
When does a bill become a law?
_______________________________________________
What are the functions of the Supreme Court?
Ш. Дополните предложения словами и выражениями из текста:
The ______ represents all of the American states.
The ______ of ______ can impeach the President.
The ______ is a member of the executive branch.
The ______ сап also ask the ______ to declare war.
The ______ must do his job according to the Constitution.
IV. Заполните пропуски соответствующими предлогами, где необходимо.
1. to put ____ trial
2. to charge ____ a crime
3. to appoint ____ the court
4. to put the law ____ effect
5. to obey ____ the laws
V. Приведите в соответствие термины и их определения:
a) the Congress
b) the Supreme Court
c) the Chief Justice
d) the President
e) the Vice-President
1. an elected official serving both chief of state and chief political
executive in a republic having a presidential government
2. an officer ranking immediately below a president and serving as
his or her deputy
3. the highest court in the country
4. the presiding, most senior, or principal Justice of a court.
5. the federal legislature of the US, consisting of the House of Representatives
and the Senate
VI. Какими наиболее близкими по смыслу словами или выражениями
из текста можно объяснить выделенные в нем слова?
1. ________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________
VII. Опираясь на информацию текста, напишите на английском языке,
какие требования выдвигаются к претенденту на пост президента
США (2 предложения), а также об обязанностях американского
президента (5-6 предложений).
VIII. Озаглавьте каждый параграф текста. Из предложенных 5 вариантов
( a – e выберите тот заголовок, который, по вашему мнению, наиболее
точно передает основное содержание параграфа; один из вариантов –
лишний.
Параграф 1 _________________________________________________
Параграф 2 _________________________________________________
Параграф 3 _________________________________________________
Параграф 4 _________________________________________________
a) The Executive Branch of Power of the USA.
b) The Legislative Branch of the US Government.
c) The Job of the Congress
d) The US Constitution and its Structure
e) The Judicial Branch of the US Government
XI. Переведите текст 6 –го урока на русский язык.
X. Задайте к тексту 5-6 вопросов разного типа, отражающих его
основное содержание.
KОНТРОЛЬНЫЕ ЗАДАНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОПРОВЕРКИ
Из предложенных вариантов (A, B, C, D ) выберите тот, который соответствует действительности.
1. Which of the following is not the function of the Congress?
A. to appoint the justices
B. to declare war
C. to impeach the President
D. to put the President on trial
2. Decide, which of the following does not relate to the President activities?
A. approving or disapproving bills presented by the Congress
B. appointing the justices
C. appointing the Cabinet members
D. deciding if a law is constitutional or not.
II. Заполните пропуски словами из текста, приведенными ниже;
поставьте их в соответствующей форме, где необходимо.
|
EXECUTIVE JUDUCIAL LEGISLATIVE CONGRESS SENATE
|
1. _______ branch of the government in the United States enforces the laws.
2. The _______ branch of the government or the _______ consists of the
_______ and the House of Representatives.
3. The President is the head of the ______ branch
III. Замените подчеркнутое в предложении слово, используя один из
предложенных вариантов ( A, B, C, D ), который, на ваш взгляд,
наиболее точно передает значение всего предложения:
Every bill, which has passed the House of Representatives and the Senate
is presented to the President for approval.
A. banknote
B. account for payment
C. theatre program
D. draft of a proposed new law
Text B
ЗАДАНИЯ К ТЕКСТУ
I. Прочитайте текст. Опираясь на информацию текста, найдите ответы
на следующие вопросы:
1. What do most Americans criticize their government for?
2. What are the main reasons that make governments grow in their size ?
Mention at least three of them using the text.
3. In what way have the general attitudes about government responsibilities in
the area of social welfare changed?
II. Письменно своими словами изложите основное содержание текста
на русском языке.
III. Задайте к тексту 6 – 7 вопросов разного типа.
IS IT POSSIBLE TO REDUCE THE SIZE
OF GOVERNMENT ?
(1) Americans are critical of their government, believing that it has become too powerful, and wastes a lot of money. A common complaint voiced by the Americans is that the government is too big and seems to have grown without limit during this century. Yet, even during Washington’s time, bureaucracies were necessary. When Ronald Reagan campaigned for the presidency in 1980, he promised to cut bureaucracies, which he said were wasteful. However, he made big government even bigger. Can the size of government be ever reduced?
(2) There are a number of reasons why American government has grown the way it has. One of the reasons is the increasing complexity of society. George Washington didn’t have an assistant administrator for hazardous materials because there was no need for one. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was not necessary until rockets were invented. Even long–standing departments have had to expand the scope of their activities to keep up with technological and societal changes.
(3) Another reason government has grown in America is business regulation. Public attitude toward business has changed. Throughout the nineteenth century there was little or no government regulation of business. So, to police unfair business practices effectively, government needed administrative agencies. Over the course of the twentieth century, new bureaucracies were organized to regulate specific industries. Among them are the Food and Drug Administration, which tries to protect consumers from unsafe food, drugs, and cosmetics. Thus, government has become a referee (arbitrator) in the marketplace, developing standards of fair trade, setting rates, and licensing individual businesses for operation. As new problem areas have emerged, government has added new agencies, further expanding the scope of activities.
(4) Government has grown because government agency officials have expanded their organizations and staffs to take on added responsibilities. Imaginative, ambitious public administrators look for ways to serve their clients. Each newly developed program leads to new authority. Larger budgets and staffs, in turn, are necessary to support that authority. Presidents and members of the Congress face a tough job when they try to reduce the size of the bureaucracy. Each government agency performs a service of value to some sector of society.
(5) Finally, general attitudes about government responsibilities in the area of social welfare have greatly changed. A part of American culture has always been a belief in self-reliance. People are expected to overcome hardships on their own and to succeed on the basis of their own skills and efforts. The national government nowadays spends a large portion of its budget on payments to the needy, unemployed, disabled, poor people with dependent children. Americans’ firm belief in the idea of progress as well as in their ability to solve problems led politicians to declare war on poverty, on cancer through massive programs of coordinated and well-funded activities Many people believe that the private sector cannot undertake large-scale programs, that government must be responsible for them. For example, when AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) emerged as an epidemic, there was no question that it was the government’s responsibility to solve the problem through its own research and the support of scientists outside of government.
(6) The American public says it wants spending restrained and government cut. Yet when asked about specific programs or functions of government, citizens tend to be highly supportive of the activities of government. There is considerable public support for very expensive government endeavors, including guaranteeing a job for all who want one. Despite their political support, agencies are not immune to change. It is rare for a department or agency to be completely abolished. However, it is not uncommon for one to undergo a major reconstruction, in which programs are combined and the size and scope of activities are reduced. Programs can lose support if they are perceived to be working poorly and as funds are cut, bureaucratic positions are eliminated.
Примечание:
hazardous (adj) рискованный, опасный
National Aeronautics and Национальное управление по
Space Administration, NASA аэронавтике и исследованию
космического пространства, НАСА
police (v) cледить, контролировать
self- reliance (n) самостоятельность, независимость
Food and Drug Administration Управление по контролю за качеством
пищевых продуктов, медикаментов и
косметических средств
Acquired Immunodeficiency синдром приобретенного
Syndrome, AIDS иммунодефицита, СПИД
endeavor (n) попытка; стремление
UNIT SEVEN
Text A