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ɢɥɢ
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ ɞɥɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ
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ɐɟɧɚ |
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ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ |
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ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ |
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ɬɨɜɚɪɚ |
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ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ |
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ɢɥɢ, ɩɪɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɨɜ, |
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ȼɫɟ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ |
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ɍɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ʋ1 ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɟ |
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ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ |
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ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ (ɜ ɞɨɥɹɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ) |
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ɐɟɧɚ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ʋ1 |
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ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ |
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ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ʋ1 |
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Ɇɚɫɫɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ, |
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ȼɚɥɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɪɠɚ |
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ɩɨɫɥɟ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ |
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ɩɪɨɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ |
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ɩɨɪɨɝɚ |
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ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɨɪɨɝɚ |
Ɉɛɳɟɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ |
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ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɩɪɨɞɚɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ |
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Ɂɚɩɚɫ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ |
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ɉɨɪɨɝ |
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ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɢɥɢ |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
- ɉɨɪɨɝ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
* 100 |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ |
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ɋɢɥɚ |
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ɋɢɥɚ |
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ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ |
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ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ |
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ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ |
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ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ |
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ |
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ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ |
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ɪɵɱɚɝɚ |
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ɪɵɱɚɝɚ |
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ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɵɱɚɝɨɜ |
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ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ |
ɉɥɚɧɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ |
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ɑɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ |
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ɑɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ |
ɫɨɩɪɹɠɟɧɧɨɝɨ |
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ɧɚ ɚɤɰɢɸ ɜ |
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ɧɚ ɚɤɰɢɸ ɜ |
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ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ |
ɬɟɦɩ |
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1+ |
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* ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ |
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ɛɭɞɭɳɟɦ |
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ɧɵɧɟɲɧɟɦ |
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ |
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ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ |
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ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ |
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ɢ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ |
ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ ɨɬ |
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ɪɵɱɚɝɨɜ |
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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ɋɬɚɜɤɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨ- |
* ɇɊɗɂ - |
ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬɵ |
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ɡɚ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ |
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ɑɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ |
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ɨɛɥɚɠɟɧɢɹ |
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ɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɟ ɧɚ |
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ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɭɸ |
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Ʉɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɤɰɢɣ |
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ɚɤɰɢɸ |
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ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ |
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ɇɨɪɦɚ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ |
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ɬɟɦɩɵ ɪɨɫɬɚ |
= Ɋɋɋ |
1- ɱɢɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɧɚ |
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(ȼɌɊ) |
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ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɵ |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ |
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ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ |
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ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ( |
ɗɊ |
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ɝɞɟ ɗɊi – ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɨɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɟ, Ɋi – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɢ.
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Ⱦɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ = ¦(ɗɊi ɗɊ)2 * Ɋi
i 1
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɟ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ = 
Ⱦɢɫɩɟɪɫɢɹ
ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɟ
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɤɨɦɩɚɭɧɞɢɧɝɚ:
Ȼɭɞɭɳɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ |
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ɋɬɚɜɤɚ |
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ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɣ ɫɭɦɦɵ |
= ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɨɣ |
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ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
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(ȻɋȾ, FV) |
ɫɭɦɦɵ (ɇɋȾ, PV) |
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ɝɞɟ n – ɱɢɫɥɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɨɜ ɩɨɥɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ.
Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɞɢɫɤɨɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ:
ȻɋȾ
ɇɋȾ =
(1 + ɋɬɚɜɤɚ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ)n
82
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɵ ɜɵɛɨɪɚ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɨɜ:
ɉɪɨɫɬɚɹ |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɱɢɫɬɚɹ |
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ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ |
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(ɛɭɯɝɚɥɬɟɪɫɤɚɹ) |
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* 100 |
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ɧɨɪɦɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɢɟ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ |
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ɑɢɫɬɚɹ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ |
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ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ |
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ |
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ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
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ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
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ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
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ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ |
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ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ |
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ɪɚɫɯɨɞɨɜ |
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ɢɥɢ |
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CFt |
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NPV ¦ |
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(1 k) |
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ɝɞɟ CFt – ɱɢɫɬɵɣ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɣ ɩɨɬɨɤ t-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, k – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ.
ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ NPV ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ:
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(1 |
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T) D |
T |
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«R |
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NVP ¦ |
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r 1 |
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¼ |
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I0 , |
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(1 k)t |
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t 1 |
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ɝɞɟ Rt – ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚ t-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɨɰɟɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɥɹ ɛɟɡɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ, ɬ.ɟ. ɜ ɰɟɧɚɯ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ,
ir – ɬɟɦɩɵ ɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɢ ɞɨɯɨɞɨɜ r-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ,
Ct – ɧɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ t-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɜ ɰɟɧɚɯ ɛɚɡɨɜɨɝɨ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚ, i’r – ɬɟɦɩɵ ɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɢ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ r-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ,
T – ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ,
I0 – ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɨɛɪɟɬɟɧɢɟ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ,
k – ɫɪɟɞɧɟɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɚɹ ɢɧɮɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɦɢɸ,
Dt – ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ t-ɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ.
ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɹɹ ɧɨɪɦɚ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ (IRR) ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɢɡ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ:
n |
CFt |
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0 |
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(1 IRR)t |
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t 0 |
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83
ɗɥɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ |
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(Ʉ2 – Ʉ1) * 100 |
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~ɐ2 – ɐ1~ * 100 |
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ɫɩɪɨɫɚ (ɗɋ) |
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(Ʉ1 + Ʉ2) : 100 |
(ɐ1 + ɐ2) : 100 |
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ɝɞɟ Ʉ1 ɢ Ʉ2 – ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɨɞɚɜɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ ɜ 1-ɦ ɢ 2-ɦ ɩɟɪɢɨɞɚɯ; ɐ1 ɢ ɐ2 – ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɰɟɧɵ.
ɋɪɟɞɧɟɜɡɜɟɲɟɧɧɚɹ
ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɩɢɬɚɥɚ = Wd [(Rd – X) + X(1 – T)] + WpRp + WsRs
ɝɞɟ W – ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɜ ɨɛɴɟɦɟ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɚ; Rd – ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɩɨ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɦ, ɡɚɣɦɚɦ;
Rp – ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɵ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɜɢɥɟɝɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɚɤɰɢɹɦ; Rs – ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɵ ɩɨ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɤɰɢɹɦ;
T – ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ;
X – ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ ɛɚɧɤɨɜ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɸɫ ɬɪɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ;
Ws – ɭɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɟɫ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɨɩɥɚɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɵɤɧɨɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɚɤɰɢɣ ɢ ɧɟɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ ɜ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɟ.
ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɧɚɰɟɧɤɢ |
= |
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɧɚɰɟɧɤɢ |
* 100 |
= |
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ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
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ɋɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
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ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɧɚɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɭ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, % |
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100 % - ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɧɚɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɭ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, % , |
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ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɧɚɰɟɧɤɢ |
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ɋɭɦɦɚ ɧɚɰɟɧɤɢ |
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ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɰɟɧɵ = |
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* 100 = |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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ɐɟɧɚ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɧɚɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ, % |
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100 % + ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɧɚɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ, % |
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ɐɟɧɚ |
= |
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ɋɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɬɨɜɚɪɚ |
, |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
100% - ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɧɚɰɟɧɤɢ ɧɚ ɰɟɧɭ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, % |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬ |
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɫɤɢɞɨɤ |
, |
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ɫɤɢɞɨɤ ɜ ɰɟɧɟ |
= |
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* 100 |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚ |
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ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ
84
Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ |
= |
Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɵ (ɛɟɡ |
- |
Ɍɟɤɭɳɢɟ |
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ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɢ (ɌɎɉ) |
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ɞɟɧɟɠɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ) |
ɩɚɫɫɢɜɵ |
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ɢɥɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ, |
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Ɂɚɩɚɫɵ |
Ⱦɟɛɢɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ |
Ʉɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɫɤɚɹ |
, |
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+ ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ |
- ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɌɎɉ (ɜɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɦ |
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ɋɭɦɦɚ ɌɎɉ |
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ɷɤɜɢɜɚɥɟɧɬɟ |
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= |
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* 100 , |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɟɞɧɟɜɧɚɹ |
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ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ) |
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ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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ɉɟɪɢɨɞ |
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ɉɟɪɢɨɞ |
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ɉɟɪɢɨɞ |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ |
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ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢ- |
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ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢ- |
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ɫɪɨɤ ɨɩɥɚɬɵ |
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ɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ |
= |
ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢ- |
+ |
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ɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ |
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ɤɪɟɞɢɬɨɪɫ- , |
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ɨɛɨɪɨɬɧɵɯ |
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ɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ |
ɞɟɛɢɬɨɪɫɤɨɣ |
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ɤɨɣ |
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ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ |
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ɡɚɩɚɫɨɜ |
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ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨ- |
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ɡɚɞɨɥɠɟɧɧɨ- |
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ɫɬɢ |
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ɫɬɢ |
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ɐɟɧɚ ɨɬɤɚɡɚ |
= |
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ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɫɤɢɞɤɢ |
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* 100 * |
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ɨɬ ɫɤɢɞɤɢ |
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100% - ɉɪɨɰɟɧɬ ɫɤɢɞɤɢ |
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* |
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360 ɞɧɟɣ |
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, |
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Ɇɚɤɫɢɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ |
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ɉɟɪɢɨɞ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ |
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ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɬɫɪɨɱɤɢ |
- ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ |
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ɩɥɚɬɟɠɚ, ɞɧɟɣ |
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ɫɤɢɞɤɚ |
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Ⱦɢɫɤɨɧɬ ɩɨ |
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ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ |
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɜɵɩɥɚɬɵ , |
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= |
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ɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
- |
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ɜɟɤɫɟɥɸ, ɪɭɛ. |
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ɛɚɧɤɨɦ ɤɥɢɟɧɬɭ |
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ɜɟɤɫɟɥɹ |
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ɇɨɦɢɧɚɥ |
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ɑɢɫɥɨ ɞɧɟɣ ɨɬ ɞɚɬɵ |
ɍɱɟɬɧɚɹ ɫɬɚɜɤɚ |
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Ⱦɢɫɤɨɧɬ ɩɨ |
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* |
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ɭɱɟɬɚ ɞɨ ɞɚɬɵ |
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* |
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ɛɚɧɤɚ, % |
, |
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= |
ɜɟɤɫɟɥɹ, ɪɭɛ. |
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ɩɥɚɬɟɠɚ ɩɨ ɜɟɤɫɟɥɸ |
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ɜɟɤɫɟɥɸ, ɪɭɛ. |
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100% * 360 ɞɧɟɣ |
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85
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ɋɭɦɦɚ |
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Ɉɠɢɞɚɟɦɚɹ |
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ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɝɨ |
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= |
ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ * |
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ɫɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ |
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ɜɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɢɣ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɡɚ |
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ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ |
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* |
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, |
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Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚ |
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ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ |
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Ⱦɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɵɟ ɡɚɟɦɧɵɟ |
|
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ |
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ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ, ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɟ |
+ |
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ɞɥɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ |
ɫɚɦɨɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ |
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ɩɪɨɟɤɬɚ |
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= |
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ɋɭɦɦɚ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɜ |
+ |
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ |
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ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɵ |
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ɌɎɉ |
|
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= |
ɉɨɤɪɵɬɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ |
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ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ , |
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Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ |
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ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɬɟɤɭɳɢɯ |
- |
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ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɊɏȾ) |
= |
ȻɊɗɂ |
- ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ |
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- ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ |
+ |
Ɉɛɵɱɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɞɚɠɢ |
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ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɢ |
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ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ , |
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Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ |
= |
' Ɂɋ - ɇɚɥɨɝ ɧɚ - |
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ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɊɎȾ) |
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ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ |
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- Ⱦɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɵ |
r |
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɞɨɯɨɞɵ ɢ ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ |
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ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ , |
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Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨ- ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ = ɊɎȾ + ɊɏȾ ,
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɊɎɏȾ)
86
ɉɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ |
|
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Ɍɟɦɩ |
|
Ɍɟɦɩ |
|
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ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ |
= |
Ⱥ ɮɚɤɬ * ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ - |
ɉ ɮɚɤɬ * ɩɪɢɪɨɫɬɚ |
- |
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ɜɧɟɲɧɟɦ |
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ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ |
ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ |
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ɮɢɧɚɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ |
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ɑɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ, |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ, |
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Ⱦɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɵ, ɮɚɤɬ |
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- |
ɮɚɤɬ |
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* |
(1 - |
) |
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(ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ) * |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ, |
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ɑɢɫɬɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ, |
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ɮɚɤɬ |
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ɮɚɤɬ |
|
ɝɞɟ Ⱥ ɮɚɤɬ – ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɚɤɬɢɜɵ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ, ɉ ɮɚɤɬ – ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɟ ɩɚɫɫɢɜɵ ɨɬɱɟɬɧɨɝɨ ɛɚɥɚɧɫɚ.
Ɍɚɛɥɢɰɚ 17 - ȼɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɛɚɡɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟɣ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɧɟɞɠɦɟɧɬɚ
ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶ |
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ, |
||
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ɮɨɪɦɭɥɚ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ |
||
1 |
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2 |
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Ȼɚɥɚɧɫɨɜɚɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ |
|
Ȼɉ |
|
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɧɬɚ- |
ɗɊ |
ɇɊɗɂ |
|
ɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ |
|
*100 |
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Ⱥɤɬɢɜ |
|||
ɇɟɬɬɨ-ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɷɤɫ- |
ɇɊɗɂ = Ȼɉ + ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɵ ɡɚ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ, |
||
ɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ |
ɨɬɧɨɫɢɦɵɟ ɧɚ ɫɟɛɟɫɬɨɢɦɨɫɬɶ |
||
Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɦɚɪɠɚ ɄɆ = (ɇɊɗɂ/Ɉɛɨɪɨɬ) * 100
Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ
3
Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ— ɡɚɥɨɝ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɭɫɩɟɯɨɜ ɩɪɟɞ- ɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ.
ɗɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ, ɫɧɢɦɚɟɦɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟɦ ɫ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɞɨ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ ɡɚ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ, ɡɚɣɦɵ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ.
ɉɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤɨɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ- ɬɚɬ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɢɧɜɟɫ- ɬɢɰɢɣ ɞɚɸɬ ɤɚɠɞɵɟ 100 ɭɫɥ. ɟɞ. ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ (ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ). Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɢɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟɦ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ: 20%< ɄɆ<30%; ɞɥɹ ɧɢɡɤɨɝɨ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ 3%< ɄɆ<5%. ɇɚ ɄɆ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɤɚɤ ɰɟɧɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ, ɨɛɴɟɦ ɢ ɫɬɪɭɤ- ɬɭɪɚ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ.
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ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 17
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ |
ɄɌ = Ɉɛɨɪɨɬ/Ⱥɤɬɢɜ |
ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ |
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ɗɊ = ɄɆ * ɄɌ
ɑɢɫɬɚɹ |
ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶ- |
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ɉɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ |
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Ɉɛɨɪɨɬ |
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ɧɨɫɬɶ |
(ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ) |
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ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɚ |
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ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ |
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* |
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= |
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Ⱥɤɬɢɜ |
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Ɉɛɨɪɨɬ |
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ɑɢɫɬɚɹ |
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ɑɢɫɬɚɹ |
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= ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ *ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ |
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ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ |
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ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ |
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ɉɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɭɛɥɟɣ ɨɛɨɪɨɬɚ ɫɧɢɦɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɪɭɛɥɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚ ɢɥɢ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɪɚɡ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɛɨɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɪɭɛɥɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɚ. ɋɤɥɚɞɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɞ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɢ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɢ ɩɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ Ɋɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫ- ɤɨɣ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɨɛɟ ɟɟ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫ- ɤɭɸ ɦɚɪɠɭ ɢ ɤɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ Ɏɨɪɦɭɥɚ Ⱦɸɩɨɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ
ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ, ɤɚɤɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ ɢ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɶɲɟɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɥɢɹɸɬ ɧɚ ɱɢɫɬɭɸ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ.
ɗɮɮɟɤɬ |
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ |
ɗɎɊ |
= |
(1 |
– |
ɋɬɚɜɤɚ |
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ |
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ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ |
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ɪɵɱɚɝɚ |
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ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ) * (ɗɊ- |
ɪɵɱɚɝɚ |
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ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ |
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– ɋɊɋɉ) * Ɂɋ/ɋɋ |
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ɬɨɦ, |
ɱɬɨ |
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ, |
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ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɳɟɟ |
ɡɚɟɦɧɵɟ |
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ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ |
ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ |
ɱɢɫɬɭɸ |
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ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ |
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ- |
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ɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ |
ɢ |
ɫɜɨɢ |
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ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ |
ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɚɹ |
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Ɏɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɮɢɧɚɧ- |
ɞɢɜɢɞɟɧɞɧɵɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ. |
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ɐɟɧɚ |
ɡɚɟɦɧɵɯ |
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ |
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ɫɬɚɜɤɚ |
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ ɡɚ |
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ɫɨɜɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɩɨ |
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ |
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(ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɟ |
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ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɣ |
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ɜɫɟɦ ɤɪɟɞɢɬɚɦ |
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ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɧɚ ɪɭɛɥɶ ɡɚɟɦɧɵɯ |
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ɩɟɪɢɨɞ |
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ɋɊɋɉ = |
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* 100 |
ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɜ). |
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Ɉɛɳɚɹ ɫɭɦɦɚ |
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ɡɚɟɦɧɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ |
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Ɂɚɟɦɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ |
Ɂɋ |
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Ɂɚɟɦɧɵɟ |
ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɧɟɫɭɳɢɟ |
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ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ |
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(ɛɚɧɤɨɜɫɤɢɟ |
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ɤɪɟɞɢɬɵ, ɫɫɭɞɵ). |
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ɉɥɟɱɨ |
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɝɨ |
Ɂɋ/ɋɋ |
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ɋɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ |
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ɦɟɠɞɭ |
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ɪɵɱɚɝɚ |
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ɡɚɟɦɧɵɦɢ ɢ |
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ |
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ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. |
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88
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 17 |
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Ⱦɢɮɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɚɥ |
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2/3 (ɗɊ – ɋɊɋɉ) |
Ɋɚɡɧɢɰɚ |
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ɦɟɠɞɭ |
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2/3 = (1 – ɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɨɛɥɚɠɟɧɢɹ |
ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ |
ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶ- |
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ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ) |
ɧɨɫɬɶɸ |
ɚɤɬɢɜɨɜ |
ɢ |
ɫɪɟɞɧɟɣ |
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ɪɚɫɱɟɬɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɚ |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ |
ɨɬ |
ȼ |
ɩɨ ɡɚɟɦɧɵɦ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦ. |
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Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɵ |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. |
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ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɸɬ |
ɢɥɢ |
ɭɦɟɧɶ- |
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ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ |
ɂɩɪ |
ɲɚɸɬɫɹ |
ɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨ |
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ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. |
ɗɬɢ |
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ɪɚɫɯɨɞɵ |
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ɧɚ |
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ɡɚɤɭɩɤɭ |
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ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ, |
ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɟ |
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ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ, |
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ɬɨɪɝɨɜɨ- |
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ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ ɢ |
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ɞɪ. |
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ȼɚɥɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɪɠɚ |
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Ɇ = ȼ - ɂɩɪ |
ȼɚɥɨɜɚɹ |
ɦɚɪɠɚ |
(ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ |
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ɨɬ |
ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
ɩɨɫɥɟ |
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ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ |
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ |
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ɡɚɬɪɚɬ, ɫɭɦɦɚ ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ) |
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ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ |
ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɦ |
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ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɦ |
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɦ |
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ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ. |
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Ɉɞɧɨɣ ɢɡ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɦɟɧɟɞɠ- |
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ɦɟɧɬɚ |
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ |
ɦɚɤɫɢɦɢ- |
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ɡɚɰɢɹ |
ɜɚɥɨɜɨɣ |
ɦɚɪɠɢ |
ɤɚɤ |
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ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɚ |
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ɩɨɤɪɵɬɢɹ |
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ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ |
ɢɡɞɟɪɠɟɤ |
ɢ |
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ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ. |
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɣ |
ɋ = Ɇ/ȼ |
ɉɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ |
ɞɨɥɸ |
ɜɚɥɨɜɨɣ |
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ɦɚɪɠɢ |
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ɦɚɪɠɢ |
ɜ |
ɜɵɪɭɱ-ɤɟ |
ɨɬ |
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ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ. |
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ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ |
ɂɩɨɫɬ |
ɉɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɟ |
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ɢɡɞɟɪɠɤɢ |
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(ɧɟɩɪɨɩɨɪɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ |
ɢɥɢ |
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ɮɢɤɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ) |
ɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ |
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ɨɬ |
ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ |
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ɨɛɴɟɦɨɜ |
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ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ. Ʉ ɧɢɦ ɨɬɧɨ- |
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ɫɹɬɫɹ, |
ɨɤɥɚɞɵ, |
ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɚɹ |
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ɡɚɪɩɥɚɬɚ, ɚɪɟɧɞɧɵɟ ɩɥɚ- ɬɟɠɢ, ɧɚɥɨɝɢ, ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪ- ɝɢɹ, ɝɚɡ, ɜɨɞɚ, ɬɟɥɟɮɨɧ, ɩɨɱɬɨɜɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ, ɫɬɪɚɯɨ- ɜɚɧɢɟ, ɪɟɦɨɧɬ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ, ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɵ ɡɚ ɤɪɟɞɢɬ, ɚɪɟɧɞɚ, ɚɦɨɪɬɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɞɪ.
89
ɉɪɨɞɨɥɠɟɧɢɟ ɬɚɛɥɢɰɵ 17
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2 |
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ɉɨɪɨɝ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɋɭɦɦɚ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ |
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɣ |
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ɦɚɪɠɢ |
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ȿ = ɂɩɨɫɬ/ɋ |
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ɉɨɪɨɝ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ (ɬɨɱ- ɤɚ ɛɟɡɭɛɵɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɫɚɦɨ- ɨɤɭɩɚɟɦɨɫɬɢ) — ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ, ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɭɛɵɬɤɨɜ, ɧɨ ɢ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ. Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ ɬɪɚɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɟɧ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɤ- ɪɵɬɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɬɪɚɬ, ɩɪɢɛɵɥɶ ɪɚɜɧɚ ɧɭɥɸ.
Ɂɚɩɚɫ |
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ |
ȼ ɪɭɛɥɹɯ: |
ɉɪɟɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɮɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ |
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ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ – ɉɨɪɨɝ |
ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɧɚɞ |
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ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
ɩɨɪɨɝɨɦ |
ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ |
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F = B – E |
ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ |
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ɡɚɩɚɫ |
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ȼ % ɤ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɟ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ: |
ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ |
ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ |
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ɉɨɪɨɝ ɪɟɧɬɚɛɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɭɛɥɹɯ |
ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ |
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ȼɵɪɭɱɤɚ ɨɬ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
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G = E/B |
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ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɢɪɭɟɦɚɹ ɩɪɢ |
Ɂɚɩɚɫ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɨɣ ɩɪɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ * |
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ɛɵɥɶ |
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Ʉɨɷɮɮɢɰɢɟɧɬ ɜɚɥɨɜɨɣ ɦɚɪɠɢ |
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H = F * C |
Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ |
ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ |
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ȼɚɥɨɜɚɹ ɦɚɪɠɚ |
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(ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ, ɯɨɡɹɣ- |
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ɉɪɢɛɵɥɶ |
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ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ) ɪɵɱɚɝɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹ- |
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I = M / H |
ɟɬɫɹ |
ɜ |
ɬɨɦ, |
ɱɬɨ |
ɥɸɛɨɟ |
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ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɜɵɪɭɱɤɢ ɨɬ ɪɟɚ- |
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ɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ |
ɜɫɟɝɞɚ |
ɩɨɪɨɠɞɚɟɬ |
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ɛɨɥɟɟ |
ɫɢɥɶɧɨɟ |
ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ |
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ɩɪɢɛɵɥɢ |
ɗɮɮɟɤɬ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜ- |
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ɥɟɧ |
ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɨɣ |
ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶɸ |
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ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧ- |
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ɧɵɯ |
ɢ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ |
ɡɚɬɪɚɬ |
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ɩɪɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɦɚ ɩɪɨ- |
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ɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ |
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ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɯ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ |
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