Клевчихин - Матан II семестр
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ε 0 δ 0 x : x U δ x0 M |
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cos α1, . . . , cos αN |
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t cos α , . . . , xN |
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R2
ℓcos α, sin α
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cos α |
sin α |
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t cos α, y0 |
t sin α . |
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t cos α . |
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2t cos α |
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sin 2α. |
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α
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x1 |
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x, y |
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ℓ |
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cos α, sin α |
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2t2 cos2 |
α t sin α |
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t3 cos α sin 2α |
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t2 sin2 α |
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sin2 α |
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0 t4 cos4 α |
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t 0 t2 t2 cos4 α |
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x,y |
ℓα |
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sin α |
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sin α |
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sin2 α |
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0, 0 |
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lim f x, y, z |
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x x0
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x, y, z |
ϕ y, z . |
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lim |
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lim lim lim f |
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lim |
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lim f |
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z0 |
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lim lim lim f x, y, z |
lim |
lim |
lim f x, y, z |
z z0 x x0 y y0 |
z z0 |
x x0 |
y y0 |
f x, y |
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lim lim |
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1 |
lim lim |
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y |
1. |
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x 0 y 0 x y |
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y 0 x 0 x |
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lim f x, y |
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x0 |
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y0 |
y |
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lim f x, y |
ϕ y |
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lim lim f |
x, y |
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y y0 x x0 |
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lim |
lim f x, y |
lim f |
x, y . |
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y y0 x x0 |
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y0 |
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lim f x, y |
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ε |
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x, y |
U δ1 x0, y0 |
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f x, y |
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y |
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lim f x, y |
ϕ y |
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x0 |
δ2 |
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ϕ y |
f x, y |
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δ1 |
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y |
y0 |
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x |
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min δ1, δ2 |
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ϕ y |
A |
ϕ y |
f x, y |
f x, y |
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ϕ y |
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f x, y |
f x, y |
A |
ε |
ε |
ε. |
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lim ϕ y |
A |
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yy0
lim f x, y |
ϕ y |
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x |
x0 |
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x sin 1 , |
y |
0 |
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f |
x, y |
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y |
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lim f x, y |
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0, |
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y |
0. |
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x2 |
y2 |
δ |
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x sin 1 |
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x |
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x2 |
y2 δ |
ε. |
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y |
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lim lim f |
x, y |
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lim lim x sin 1 |
0. |
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y |
0 x 0 |
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y 0 x |
0 |
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lim lim f x, y |
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x |
0 |
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x 0 y |
0 |
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lim x sin |
1 |
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y |
y0 |
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f |
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f x, y |
f x1, . . . , xp, y1, . . . , yq . |
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lim |
lim f |
x, y |
lim |
lim f |
x1, . . . , xp, y1, . . . , yq . |
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y y0 x x0 |
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x1 |
x01 y1 |
y01 |
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xp |
xp |
yq |
yq |
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0 |
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0 |
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RN |
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r |
x0 |
Ur x0 |
x RN : x x0 |
r |
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r |
x0 |
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x RN : x x0 |
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U r x0 |
r |
Bn
n x0 Bn
xn
σ0
x0 x0
U rn xn
lim xn
n
x0
n
x0 xn
x0
Bn n N
rn
x0
p N
xn |
xn p |
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rn |
n |
0. |
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xn |
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x0 |
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Bn |
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U rn xn |
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1n 1
lim xn |
p |
lim xn xn |
p |
p |
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p |
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Urn xn |
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Bn |
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x0 |
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x0 |
Bn |
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n |
1 |
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x0 xn |
xn x0 |
x0 xn |
xn x0 |
x0
xn n N xn p Bn
rn,
x0 x0
2rn 0!?
R2 |
x, y : x |
E
diam E |
sup x y . |
|
x,y E |
3
diam E1 diam E2
dn
xn |
Fn |
np xn, xn p Fn
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xn |
xn p |
diam Fn |
n |
0, |
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xn |
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p |
xn |
p Fn |
xn p |
x0 |
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p |
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Fn |
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x0 |
Fn |
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n |
x0 |
Fn |
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n |
1 |
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x0 |
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x0 |
Fn |
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x0 |
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n |
1 |
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x0 x0 |
x0 xn |
xn |
x0 |
x0 |
xn |
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xn x0 |
1 |
2 |
y |
2 |
1 |
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n |
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n2 |
diam E
E1 E2
Fn n N
diam Fn
x0
Fn Fn p
x0
x0
x0 σ 0
2 diam Fn |
0!? |
RN
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RN |
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R |
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K |
RN |
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Gi i I Gi RN |
i I Gi |
K |
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Gi |
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K |
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Gi i I |
K |
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Gi |
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Gi i I |
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K |
J I |
Gi i J |
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K |
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Gi i I |
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Gi |
i J |
K |
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J |
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K |
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K |
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D |
RN |
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K |
D |
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Π |
a1; b1 |
aN , bN |
x1, . . . , xN |
: ak xk bk, k |
1, . . . , N |
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N |
2 |
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Gi i I |
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Π |
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Π |
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Π1 |
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Gi |
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Π |
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Gi |
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Π1 |
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Gi
N
2N
Πn
Gi i I
Gi0
diam Πn
Uε x0 |
ε |
ε |
x0 |
|
K F
K RN
F
FK
F c
Gi i I
K RN
diam Πn |
diam Π |
|
0 |
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2 |
n |
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n |
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x0 |
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Πn |
x0 . |
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n |
1 |
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Π |
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x0 |
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Gi0 |
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Uε |
x0 |
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Gi0 |
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n |
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ε |
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x0 |
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Πn |
Πn Uε x0 |
Gi0 |
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Πn |
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Gi i |
I |
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Gi0 |
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K |
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F |
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F |
K |
F |
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F RN . |
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G i |
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F c |
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K |
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RN |
K |
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Gi1 , . . . , Gin |
K |
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F c |
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Gi1 , . . . , Gin |
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Gi |
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K |
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F |
F F c |
K RN
K
K |
K |
. |
K
x0 |
K x0 K |
Gδ x : |
x x0 δ |
K |
|
KGδ .
δ0
|
x K |
x x0 |
x x0 δ1 |
0 |
x Gδ1 2 |
x x0 δ1 |
δ1 2 |
x0 |
Gδ |
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Gδ RN |
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δ 0 |
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x0 |
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δ 0 |
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K |
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Gδ1 , Gδ2 , . . . , Gδn |
δ min δ1, . . . , δn |
Gδ K |
|
Uδ x0 |
K |
x0 |
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K |
|
x0 |
K |
K |
K
nUn 0 : n N
RN |
|
K |
K |
Un1 0 , . . . , Unk 0 |
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R max n1, . . . , nk |
|
K |
K |
K |
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Π |
Π |
KΠ
K RN
R2
K |
xn n N |
K |
|
Π
Π1
xn |
4 |
Π1 Π2
xn