International civil aviation organizations.Icao. How icac began. The activities of icao.

In 1889 in Paris a conference was held concerning the activity of hot-air balloons. There were many international air conferences. In 1919 the International Commission for .Air Navigation was created with 33 member states. There were attempts to develop civil aviation cooperation in the world. In 1928 in Washington International Conference on Civil Aeronautics was held to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of the Wright Brothers' flight. In 1937 there was the International Technical Conference in Lima. In I947i on the 4th of April, International Civil Aviation Organization was established by the 1944 Chicago Convention. Edward Warner was its first Council President (1945-1957). In 1958 the Warner Awards were established by ICAO for outstanding contributions to the development of international civil aviation. Now Council President is Dr. Assad Kotaite.

ICAO is headquartered in Canada, Montreal. There are almost 180 member-states. There are over 1000 specialists in the staff.

In 1970 the USSR became the member of ICAO. In 1984 Council President

Dr. Assad Kotaite visited our country. He discussed the problem of the technical assistance and the routes over the Pacific Ocean and the work of our specialists in the ICAO Secretariat. He discussed the training courses as well.

It is difficult to describe all of ICAO's many activities. ICAO solves many problems on the International level. The main task of ICAC is to sum up the results of civil aviation development and to exchange this information with other countries. ICAO is to reach the highest level of safety in the international civil aviation, its main task is the flight safety. ICAO specialists research civil aviation equipment, both airborne and ground, they work on new landing systems. They develop services for safe operations. They help to equip airports, install aviation equipment, train aviation specialists. ICAO provides specialists. ICAO provides special re-commendations and procedures. ICAO is doing much to make the air more clear in the world. There are special standards to reduce noise, new quieter aircraft appear.

ICAO has set up standards for air crew and controllers. There are other tasks: to work out types of future aircraft, to develop forecast system, to train flight and ground personnel, to provide navigation information, to set modern equipment; the task is to replie the present Instrument Landing System; proposals for a new landing system are examined: to develop technical specifications, uniform rules and procedures.

The most complex problem is the airport. ICAO studies the problem of application of space technology in civil aviation.

ICAO is taking steps to combat air piracy. The working languages of ICAO are. English, French, Spanish and Russian. ICAO has six regional offices - in Bangkok, Cairo, Dakar, Lima, Mexico City and Paris.

SAFETY IS ESSENTIAL.

All ICAO regulations are aimed at safety. ICAO issues documents for ICAO Contracting States to guarantee safety. All of these ICAO documents and activities concern safety. Accident prevention is a specialized activity of ICA0.lt is defined as the discovery and elimination or avoidance of hazards. ICAO has developed accident prevention programme (ADREP) - accident/incident Data Reporting. All ICAO States make reports on their accidents and get assistance. The task of ADREP system 1з to provide States with information regarding recent accidents. ICAO has published an Accident Prevention Manual which describes management techniques for preventing accidents. It provides practical examples of successful accident-prevention practices. Accidents Prevention Seminars are held regularly.

EUROCONTROL.

Eurocontrol is the European organization working for air navigation safety. It was created in I963 for better service of European airspace. The

number of fast high flying civil aviation aircraft is rapidly increasing,

this has created a number of difficulties, new operating methods and the

use of advanced technology are the main of them. Some European countries

have signed the agreement of cooperation for the safety of air navigation

having agreed to organize common air traffic services in the upper air-

space.