1. Indefinite pronouns Неопределённые местоимения

К неопределённым местоимениям относятся some, any, somebody, anybody, nobody, nothing, something, anything, every, everybody, everyone, everything, much, many, (a) little, (a) few, all, etc.

Местоимения some и any и их производные могут употребляться как местоимения-существительные так и как местоимения-прилагательные для обозначения определённого качества или количества. Они могут сочетаться со всеми классами существительных как в единственном, так и во множественном числе.

Some people are clever. Some are not.

Something is wrong with my computer.

Nothing can stop him. Everything is OK.

Some – something – somebody – someone

Any – anything – anybody – anyone

No – nothing – nobody – no one

Every – everything – everybody – everyone

NOTE: все эти сложные местоимения, выступая в функции предметного члена предложения (т.е. в функциях, которые характерны для существительного), согласуются со сказуемым в форме единственного числа.

Somebody

Nobody is listening attentively.

Everybody

Кроме того, эти местоимения обладают ещё одним общим признаком в плане формообразования: местоимения, передающие значение одушевлённости, могут выступать в форме притяжательного падежа:

Take somebody’s book and read the text aloud.

Сложные местоимения противопоставлены по признаку одушевлённости – неодушевлённости: местоимения something, anything, nothing и everything передают значение неодушевлённости, а сложные местоимения с -body и -one – значение одушевлённости.

Something что-то anythingчто-либо

Somebody anybody

кто-то кто-либо

Someone anyone

Nothing ничто everything всё

Nobody everybody

никто каждый, все

No one everyone

Сложные местоимения с –body не употребляются в сочетании с последующей предложной группой с предлогом of; в этом случае употребляются местоимения some, any, none:

Some of you must go and visit her.

I don’t expect to see any of them at the concert.

Is none of you going to help me?

I like none of the stories!

Some, any, no, every образуют и сложные наречия со вторым элементом – where: somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere.

Exercise 27.Insert somebody, someone, something, anything, everything, nothing, anyone, everybody, nobody, no one, none. Give two variants if possible.

1.I see … at the window. 2. Is there … new? 3. There is … in the next room who wants to speak to you. 4. … knows about it. 5. Will you give me … to eat, I’m hungry. 6. If … calls while I’m out, ask him to wait. 7. If there is … else you want, please let me know. 8. I haven’t got any more money about me, so I cannot buy … else. 9. Where can I get … to eat? 10. Where can I find … here who can give some information on this question. 11. Let me know if … happens. 12. I know … about your town. Tell me … about it. 13. I can see … . It is too dark here. 14. I understand … now. Thank you for your explanation. 15. … of them speak English well. 16. Where is the book? – It’s on the table. – But there is … there. 17. Please tell us the story. … knows it yet. 18. Is there … in your group who lives in the hostel? 19. … can answer this question. It is too difficult. 20. … can answer this question. It is very easy. 21. The room is empty. There is … in it. 22. … likes to go out for a walk when it is raining. 23. Can you see … through the fog?

Exercise 28.Supply one of the following adverbs: somewhere, anywhere, nowhere, everywhere. Give two variants where possible.

1. Let’s go … . The weather is fine. I don’t want to stay at home in such weather. 2. I can’t find my glasses … . I always put them … and then look for them for hours. 3. Today is a holiday. The streets are full of people. There are flags, banners and flowers … .4. You can buy this dictionary …, it is on the sale now. 5. You can go … in summer. 6. Do your parents live … near Petersburg? 7. There are so many people … today. 8. He goes … in the evening. 9. Let’s go … as I have a headache. 10. Your book must be … on the shelf.

Exercise 29.Form questions according to the example and give answers (affirmative or negative).

EXAMPLE: - Is there anybody at the telephone?

• Yes, there is somebody.

• No, there is nobody.

• No, there isn’t anybody.

Is there Do you see Do you know

anybody anyone anything

in the room? at the blackboard? in the library? in the street? in the classroom? on the table? in your bag? on the floor? on the ceiling? on the wall? in the bookcase? about the university?

Exercise 30.Translate into English the words given in brackets.

1. They understand (ничего). 2. Don’t go (никуда) tonight. 3. (Никто) is standing there. 4. There is (ничего) in the cup. 5. (Никто из наших студентов) speaks Russian during the break.6. Don’t ask him (ни о чём) 7. (Никтоизних) knows (ничего) about this book. 8. (Каждый) knows it. 9. (Кто-то) is knocking at the door. 10. I want to tell you (что-то). 11. She reminds me of (кто-то). 12. (Некоторые из нас) know her address. 13. Have you got (какие-нибудь) questions? 14. Where can I get (что-нибудь) to drink?15. (Кто-то из нас) must stay here. 16. (Любой из вас) can do it. 17.(Кто-то из них) must speak to the teacher about it. 18. (Никто из нас) knows the rule. We must learn it. 19. If there is (что-нибудь) interesting in the magazine, let me know. 20. She knows (всё) already.