B. Other Means of Expressing Future Actions in English (Другие способы выражения будущего времени а английском языке)
1. The Present Continuous употребляется для выражения действия, которое было запланировано и определенно состоится в ближайшем будущем (как правило, с глаголами движениями):
I’m leaving tomorrow.
He’s coming to dinner on Thursday.
2. конструкция to be going to + инфинитив очень употребительна в английском языке и обозначает намерение говорящего связать будущее действие с тем, что уже происходит в настоящем. Эта связь с настоящим может проявляться в двух случаях:
а) говорящий высказывается о будущем действии как вытекающим из уже имеющихся условий или признаков того, что действие произойдет:
Please, hold me. I’m going to fall.
There are a lot of clouds in the sky. It’s going to rain.
б) говорящий высказывается о будущем действии как вытекающем из принятого решения или имеющегося намерения:
I’m going to say a few words about our new work.
How long are you going to stay?
Слово just в сочетании just going to может означать только, как раз, сейчас, сию минуту, очень скоро:
Wait a bit! I’m just going to make a call.
Подождите немного. Я только позвоню.
I’m just going to explain it.
Я как раз собираюсь это объяснить.
I’m just coming.
Я сейчас (сию минуту, очень скоро) приду.
Exercise 1. Look at the tables and make up your own examples.
Exercise 2. Helen is going on a European tour next month. Look at her plans. Where will she be on these dates?
(8th) She’ll be in Paris.
(10th) She ……………… .
(
25th)
…………………... .(14th) …………………... .
(20th) …………………... .
Exercise 3. Where will you be? Write sentences about yourself. Use I’ll be … / I’ll probably be … / I don’t know where I will be.
(tomorrow at 10 o’clock) I’ll probably be on the beach.
(one hour from now) I ………………………………. .
(at midnight) ………………………………………… .
(at 3 o’clock tomorrow afternoon) …………………………. .
two years from now) ………………………………………… .
Exercise 4. Write negative.
You’ll sleep. ………………..
I’ll forget. …………………
It will happen. ……………….
You’ll find it. ……………….
Exercise 5. Write sentences with I think … All the sentences are future.
(Diana / pass the exam) I think Diana will pass the exam.
(Jack / win the game) I think ………………………………… .
(Sue / like her present) ……………………………………… .
(the weather / be nice tomorrow) …………………………… .
Now write two sentences with I don’t think …
(they / get married) I don’t think ……………………………. .
(I be at home this evening) …………………………………. .
Exercise 6. Write questions. All the sentences are future.
(you / go / out tonight?) Are you going out tonight?
(you / work / next week?) ………………………….
(what / you / do / tomorrow evening?) …………………………
(what time / Bob and Sue / come?) …………………………
(when / Liz / go / on holiday?) …………………………..
Exercise 7. Use the words in brackets ( ) to write sentences. All the sentences are future. Use the Present Continuous (he is leaving etc.) or Present Simple (it leaves etc.).
(I / not / go out / tonight) I’m not going you tonight.
(the concert / start / at 8.15) The concert starts at 8.15.
(I / meet / my friends this evening) ……………………..
(Tom / not / come / to the party on Thursday) ………………….
(the English course / finish / on 10 May) ……………………….
(my sister / get married / next December) ………………………
(my train / leave / at 8.45) …………………………..
(I / not / go / to London tomorrow) ………………………..
These sentences are questions. All the sentences are future.
(what time /. The train / leave?) ……………………..
(what time / you / leave / tomorrow?) ………………………
when / they / get married?) …………………………….
(when / the next English course / begin?) ………………………..
Exercise 8. Are you going to do these things tomorrow?
(buy a car) I’m not going to buy a car. (or I’m going to buy a car.)
(get up before 6.30) I …………………………..
(have breakfast) I ………………………………
(watch TV in the morning) ………………………
(cook a meal) ………………………………
(ride a bicycle) …………………………….
Exercise 9. Make questions. Use … going to.
(what / you / wear / to the party?) …………………………
(when / you visit me again?) ………………………………
(what time / Tom / phone you tonight?) …………………..
(how long / your friend / stay here?) ………………………
(what time / you / get up tomorrow?) ……………………..
Exercise 10. Complete the sentences. Use … going to + one of these verbs.
e
at
give lie rain study walk
wash
My hair is dirty. I’m going to wash it.
I don’t want to go home by bus. I …………………….. .
John’s university course begins in October. He …………………… engineering.
Take an umbrella with you. It …………………………… .
I’m hungry. I ……………………. this sandwich.
It’s Val’s birthday next week. We ………………….. her a present.
I feel tired. I …………………. down for an hour.
Exercise 11. The verbs in these sentences are underlined. Which are right?
W
e’ll
go / We are going
to the theatre tonight. We’ve got two tickets.
(We are going is right.)
“What will you do / are you doing tomorrow evening?” “Nothing. I’m free.”
I’ll go / I’m going away tomorrow morning. My train is at 8.40.
I’m sure he’ll lend / he’s lending you some money. He’s very rich.
“Why are you putting on your coat?” “I’ll go out / I’m going out.”
Do you think Claire will phone / is phoning us tonight?
She can’t meet us on Saturday. She’ll work / She’s working.