- •National Health Service in the uk
- •5. What are the components of the nhs? Describe the functioning and responsibilities of each component.
- •Health Care System in the usa
- •6. How do people pay for health care in the usa? What are Medicare and Medicaid?
- •7. What are the agencies of the Public Health Service and what functions do they perform?
- •8. What are the problems of health care system in the usa? What are the emerging health problems of the American population?
- •9. What are the challenges confronting the healthcare?
- •Hospitals
- •10. What types of medical institutions are there in the communities? Define them.
- •11. What is the difference between general and specialized hospitals? What conditions may be managed in there types of hospitals?
- •12. What are the types of hospitals according to the means of their financing support?
- •13. What hospital staff members do you know? What are their duties and responsibilities?
- •14. Name medical specialties and define each.
- •Taking a History
- •15. What are the components of the history-taking process? Describe each component.
- •16. What organs and systems are reviewed during the examination and why? What general symptoms do you know? What disorders are they associated with?
- •17. What are the recommendations for the effective communication of the doctor with the patient?
- •Surgery
- •18. What is surgery? What does it deal with and what methods does it use? What are the main controlling factors in surgery? Define them.
- •19. What is the difference between the corrective and curative surgery?
- •20. What anesthesia methods do you know? Compare different types of anesthesia.
- •21. What are the methods of sterilization? Characterize the methods you know.
- •22. What are the required procedures to prepare the patient for an operation? What are the post-operative procedures?
- •23. What instruments and equipment are used during operation and what are they used for?
12. What are the types of hospitals according to the means of their financing support?
Hospitals can also be categorized by their means of financial support. Most hospitals in the world are operated and financed by the government of their country. Other hospitals are private, non-profit institutions, known as voluntary hospitals. The primary mission of such hospitals is to benefit the community in which they are located. Proprietary or investor-owned hospitals are run to make a profit.
13. What hospital staff members do you know? What are their duties and responsibilities?
There is a great number of staff works in hospitals nowadays. For example:
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Hospital porters |
They move equipment or patients on trolleys and in wheelchairs |
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Nurses |
They care for patients, especially in a hospital |
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Midwives |
They are trained to assist women in childbirth |
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Radiographers |
They work in the X-ray department |
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Paramedics |
They do medical work, especially emergency first aid |
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Medical laboratory scientists |
They carry out tests for illnesses, like blood tests |
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Pharmacists |
They prepare and dispense medicines |
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Physiotherapists |
They use massage, heat and exercise to treat disease or injury |
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Speech therapists |
They help people with speech problems to speak more clearly |
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Dieticians |
They evaluate diets, assess nutritional status and plan diets for people with specific conditions |
14. Name medical specialties and define each.
There are such specialties in the hospitals as:
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Emergency Medicine |
work specifically in emergency departments where they treat acute illnesses and emergency situations |
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General Practitioners |
examine and treat patients or order tests and have X-rays done to diagnose different types of illnesses |
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Internists |
treat diseases related to the internal organs of the body, for example conditions of the lungs, blood, kidneys, and heart |
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Cardiologists |
treat heart diseases |
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Neurologists |
treat disorders of the central nervous system and order tests necessary to detect diseases |
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Ophthalmologists |
treat diseases and injuries of the eye |
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Otolaryngologists |
specialize in the treatment of conditions or diseases of the ear, nose, and throat |
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Pediatricians |
provide care for children from birth to adolescence |
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Pathologists |
study the characteristics, causes, and progression of diseases; examine dead bodies to find out the cause of death |
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Gynecologists |
involved in the health care and maintenance of the reproductive system of women |
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Urologists |
specialize in conditions of the urinary tract in both sexes and of the sexual/reproductive system in males |
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Oncologists |
specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of cancers and tumors |
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General Surgeons |
perform many different types of surgery, usually of relatively low degree of difficulty |
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Anesthesiologists |
use drugs and gases to render patients unconscious during surgery |
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Neurologic Surgeons |
specialize in surgery of the brain, spinal cord, and nervous system |