Chemist’s shop

32. What is a chemist’s shop?What can we buy there?

Chemist’s shop is an institution of health service which supplies the population with medicines and medical things.It is a place where a wide variety of articles is sold, where prescription can be made;drugs are composed, dispensed, stored and sold.

33. What are the essential parts of the complete prescription?

A complete prescription is made up of six essential parts: The patient’s name, the superscription, the inscription,the subscription, the signature, and the prescriber’s name.The inscription is the body of the prescription.The inscription may consist of 3 parts: medication, adjuvant and vehicle.The signature consists of the directions to be given to the patient.The prescriber’s name is the part of the prescription that guarantees its authenticity.

Administration of Drugs

34. What ways of drug administration you know?

There are

• Oral administration(the route of administration is by mouth).

• Sublingual administration(drugs aren’t swallowed but are placed under the tongue and allowed to dissolve in the saliva)

• Rectal administration(suppositories and water solutions are inserted into rectum)

• Parenteral administration(this type of administration is accomplished by injection through a syringe under the skin, muscle, vein or into a body cavity)

1)Subcutaneous (it given just under the several layers of the skin.

2)Intradermal(This injection is made into the upper layers of the skin)

3)Intramuscular(This injection is given into the muscle, usually into the buttocks)

4)Intravenosus(This injection is given directly into the veins)

5)Intrathecal(It is made into thee sheath of membranes which surround the spinal cord and brain)

6)Intracavitary(This injection is made into a body cavity)

• Inhalation (in this method of administration vapours or gases are taken into yhe nose or mouth and are absorbed into the bloodstream.

• Topical application (This is local external application of drugs on the skin or mucous membranes of the mouth or other surface.

35. What are the ways of parenteral administration? What is the difference between them?

Смотр 34.The difference is that this injection are made into different part of our body.

Cardiovascular drugs

36. What groups may cardiovascular drugs be divided into?

They can be divided into three groups:

1)drugs that affect the heart

2)drugs that affect blood pressure

3)drugs that prevent blood clotting

37. When are vasodilators and vasoconstrictors administered?How do they act?

Vasodilators are drugs which relax the muscles of vessels walls.The blood flows more freely and blood pressure falls as blood vessels open become dilated.

Vasoconstrictors are drugs which constrict muscle fibres around blood vessel opening. Vasoconstrictors are needed to raise blood pressure increase the force of heart action and stop local bleeding.

38. In what cases are anticoagulants and heparin prescribed?

They are used to prevent the formation of clots in vein and arteries.They are prescribed when a patient has a clot in his vein or arteries.