The Ministry of Education and Science, Youth and Sports of Ukraine

Kerch Institute of Economics and Humanities of Tavrida National University

Affiliate of English philology department

Professional mobility: Art of Speaking

Kerch, 2012

Authors: 5^th grade students

Preface. This manual is devoted to investigation of means to improve public speaking, and speaking habits and skills in English. It is aimed at helping students overcome difficulties in speaking English.

Editor: Nepomnyashchaya Y.

This manual is worked out by:

Boiko Ludmila Gladenko Dasha Efremova Aloyna Dasha Kazakova Kovalenko Taisia

Kozlova Polina Korobova Svetlana Nepomnyashchaya Yevgeniya Julia Panfilova

Perfilova Margarita Tagirova Nailya Tumanskaya Olga Chertenko Artem Yusupova Diana

Contents

Introduction …………………………………………………………………………………………………4

Section 1. Morning discussion ………………………………………………………………………………6

Section 2. Presentation ……………………………………………………………………………………..12

Section 3. Toastmaking (speech-making) ………………………………………………………………….14

Section 4. Small talks ………………………………………………………………………………………20

Section 5. Storytelling and image making …………………………………………………………………24

Assessment list ……………………………………………………………………………………………..26

Introduction

To live in society means to cooperate and to communicate with all members of this society. That is why the skills of good speaking are essential for every person, especially for the true mobile professional. People usually are not challenged to speak in front of a small group of people, especially in front of their friends or family members, but when the question concerns public speaking, some problems emerge. Fortunately, it is possible to overcome these problems.

Here are hints for good speaking, which are aimed at helping you before speaking and while speaking:

Before:

1. Memorize your talk where possible and refer back to notes or prompters.

2. Get 8-hours sleep after practicing. This helps your brain commit, process, and store the speech, allowing you to remember what you have crammed for.

3. Give the speech to a small audience the day before.

4. Give the speech to yourself an hour before your actual speech.

5. Create the atmosphere of speaking. Choose the appropriate time and place for a performance.

6. Analyze your audience. Audience analysis will reveal valuable clues that you can use to adapt yourself to your audience. Seek to find common traits that you share and highlight them. For other traits, find ways to adapt your language, your mannerisms, your dress, your visuals, or your stories to match the audience.

7. Do some breathing exercises, they really do help to relieve tension and ease nervousness. Breath in slowly, hold your breath for a few seconds, then exhale slowly. Do this a couple of times. It will help to clear your mind and centre your thoughts.

While:

1. Aim of communicator must be clear. Be sure what message you are taking to what people. There are messages of information, of persuasion, of suggested action and these are often combined.

2. Reinforce the message. A key idea must be repeated in varied settings, be exhibited from varied point of views and with different instruments of communication.

3. Communication should not be too long. Brevity is not just the soul of wit, it is also the essence of good communication.

4. The speech should be well organized, so that the listeners can follow the ideas very easily. After an interest-provoking introduction, the speaker may give a short outline of his speech.

5. The most important requirement for success is to have something interesting that you want to say.

6. Have an eye contact with public. While speaking, it is inappropriate to look at the floor or at the ceiling.

7. You may use different styles of speech. But if you are formal, do not be stiff, if you are casual, do not slouch or wander.

8. A speaker must be easy to hear. Be audible. Be sure to speak to the back row.

9. If you need to refer briefly to your notes, simply do it.

10. It is important to avoid mumbling and to be vocally interesting, because a monotone is not pleasant to hear.

11. Don’t speak too slowly or too quickly. It should be a good flow of speech.

12. Put life and color to your words. Be expressive.

13. Have a confidence to speak in public. But if you are not confident enough and you are nervous and afraid of speaking, do not tell the audience about this. Fake it until you make it. Immitate confidence.

14. If you make an error, ignore it and seamlessly move on.

15. Use a pointer when it is necessary, not your hands.

16. Have a positive attitude towards the people.

17. Use humour if it is possible.

18. Take your time. Try to create a conversation with the audience.

19. Don’t stand like a mannequin. Be natural and animated.

20. Have handouts ready and give them out at the appropriate time.

21. Eliminate physical barriers to connect with your audience. Get out from behind the lectern. Move closer to the audience. Ask them to sit in the seats near the front. The closer you are to your audience, the more personal your presentation feels for them. The more personal it feels, the greater your chance for emotional connection.

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22. Try to be charismatic. Charismatic person is one who captivates everyone he speaks to. Use your charm and enjoy your performance!

We have examined hints for good speaking, and now let’s view means for improvement of speaking habits and skills.

To speak well one must not only possess a good mind and be educated, but also possess logical and critical thinking, charisma, artistry and confidence. To gain good speaking skills, the followings can help:

• Morning discussion;

• Presentation;

• Toastmaking (speech-making);

• Small talks;

• Storytelling and image making.

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