Automatics in space research

The space age has brought about the triumph of automation. We can say that without automation the conquest of outer apace would remain a fantasy.

In its turn, space research has stimulated the development of many branches of modern technology. The scientific discove­ries made in the course of this research are now being used in many fields of human activity. Cosmonautics has stimulated the development of automatic control systems, of radio and TV equip­ment and electronic computers. Many automatic devices ere now successfully used not only in space research but in many branch­es of the national economy.

Manned space flights are also impossible without automatic means.

The exploration of the Moon and near-Moon space was started with the aid of automatic stations. The automatic stations have the reputation of reliable instruments for cosmic research, they have the leading role in exploration of the near earth space and of Venus and Mars.

In future automation will ensure the conducting of over more complex experiments in exploring the cosmic space.

1. What has the space age brought?

2. What has space research stimulated?

3. Where are automatic devices used?

4. What was started with the aid of automatic stations?

5. What reputation the automatic stations have?

23. Продолжите данные диалоги, используя как можно больше новых слов, терминов и словосочетаний:

1

A: I’d like to tell you one thing, that is that automation brings more jobs in many fields, and better jobs. Among these is that of the programmer.

B: Yes, and no matter what kind of programming is done, the man doing it must be a trained specialist. This means he must be good at mathematics and have a mind trained in the ways of lofic.

A: …

2

A: There are careers in automation that were never even heard of twenty or thirty years ago. These careers are interesting. They require intelligence, creaivity and education.

B: Yes, automation begins with it, a team of highly skilled men, automation experts, programmers and users.

A: …

24. Английский юмор:

In one of college classes the professor was unable to stay for the class, so he placed a sign on the door which read as follows: “Professor Blank will be unable to meet his classes today”.

Some college lad, seeing his chance to display his sence of humour after reading the notice, walked up and erased the “C” in the word “classes”. The professor noticing the laughter turned around, walked back, looked at the student, then at the sign with “C” ersed – camply walked up and erased the “C” in “lasses”, looked at the flabbergasted student and proceeded on his way.

erase – стирать

lasses – девушки

asses – ослы

flabbergasted – ошеломленный

Урок 13 engineering as a profession

Грамматика: 1. Степени сравнения прилагательных

Текст: Engineering as a profession

1. Прочтите вслух следующие слова:

[ ] – diverse, design, device, fibre, despite, diversity, divide, high, analyse, optimizing, amplifying, binary, timing, tiny, type, kind, hydraulics, thermodynamics, blind

[ ] – application, state, laser, radar, data, station, operation, enable, integration, generate, indication, unabated, demodulating, telecommunication, creating, automated, related, creation, sophisticated, trained, alteration, safety, operator

[ ] – electrical, electronic, development, circuit, system, ability, distribution, significant, specific, digital, silicon, lithography, dimensional, military, peripheral, build, individual, eliminate

[ ] – subject, among, superconductor, introduction, unprecendented, recover, inductor, bulky, other, ultraclean, current, structure, pump, become, cover, cutoff

[ ] – circuit, robotics, specific, synchronization, vacuum, package, increasing, mechanical, mechanism, mechanics, accidental, accident, technology

[ ] – concern, circuit, since, reducing, central, efficiency, frequency, processing, receive, unprecedented, specific, capacitor, science, processor, certain, accident, procedure

[ ] – engineering, largest, subject, imaging, generating, voltage, generation, adjusting, digital, passenger, intelligent, intelligence, language, generally, engine, energy, metallurgy, procedure, suggesting, dangerous

[ ] – machinery, proportionately, efficiency, efficiently, mission, chassis, machine, speciality

2. Прочтите следующие слова, обращая внимание на ударение:

design [ ], variable [ ], frequency [ ], explosive [ ], chassis [ ], semiconductive [ ], lithography [ ], micro-manipulator [ ], ion-beam [ ], exotic [ ], peripheral [ ], artificial [ ], sophisticated [ ], micro-miniaturization [ ], variety [ ], pneumatics [ ], typical [ ], agricultural [ ], hazardous [ ].

3. Запомните следующие слова и словосочетания:

engineering [ ] - техника; инженерное искусство; машиностроение electrical engineering - электротехника

electronics engineering - электронная техника

diverse [ ] - иной, отличный; разнообразный, разный

circuit [ ] - цепь, контур

superconductor [ ] - сверхпроводник

robotics [ ] - робототехника

consumer [ ] - потребитель

fibre [ ] - волокно

direct current [ ] - постоянный ток

alternating current - переменный ток

mode - режим

transmission [ ] - передача

device [ ] - устройство, приспособление; механизм, аппарат, прибор amplify [ ] - усиливать

error - ошибка; отклонение, погрешность

prior to [ ] - раньше, прежде, до

capacitor [ ] - конденсатор

vacuum tube [ ] - электронная лампа

wire [ ] - провод

silicon [ ] - кремний

environment [ ] - окружающая среда, окружение

memory [ ] - память

artificial intelligence [ ] - искусственный ум (интеллект) sophisticated [ ] - сложный

current [ ] - текущий, современный

safety [ ] - безопасность

prevention of accidents - техника безопасности

alteration [ ] - изменение; переделка

accident [ ] - несчастный случай; авария

accidental [ ] - случайный, нечаянный

cutoff - выключение

eliminate [ ] - устранять, исключать

hazard [ ] - риск, опасность

4. Подберите из правой колонки правильный перевод английских слов и словосочетаний:

electrical engineering field of engineering electric power circuit high voltage direct current alternating current in operation unabated specific tasks binary number resistor inductor artificial intelligence rate of growth

электроэнергия в действии искусственный интеллект постоянный ток двоичное число индуктор, катушка индуктивности особые задачи резистор, катушка сопротивления высокое электрическое напряжение переменный ток неуменьшенный темп роста цепь, контур электротехника область техники

5. Переведите на русский язык следующие сочетания слов без словаря:

field of engineering, is concerned with, electric power, since the late 1970s, high voltage, power losses, deals with, binary numbers, prior to the 1960s, a bulky package, semiconductive material, fire-control systems, steam turbine, the prevention of accidents, hazardous occupations, within reach.

6. Определите значение интернациональных слов:

electrical and electronics engineering, signal, machinery, control system, medical imaging system, laser, radar, fibre optics, communications, computer, extremely proportionately, analyse, central station, electronically, unprecedented, radio signals, information, synchronization, telecommunications, inductor, chassis, electronics revolution, semiconductive material, advanced technology, electron-beam lithography, micro-manipulator, integrated, circuit, lift, exotic, course, extensively, automated manufacturing, peripheral devices, machine language, microminiaturization, circuit elements, computer operations, parallel processors, structure, mechanism, hydraulics, pneumatics, mechanics, thermodynamics, metallurgy, mechanical engineer, product, economy, efficiency, speciality, individual, methods and procedures, accidental contact, operator.

7. Определите по суффиксам, какой частью речи являются следующие слова, и переведите их:

electric – electrical – electrician – electricity; electron – electronic – electronics; machine – machinery; diverse – diversity; operate – operation – operator; extreme – extremely; proportion – proportionate – proportionately; transmit – transmitter – transmission; efficient – efficiently – efficiency; able – enable – ability; inform – informer – information; generate – generation – generative – generator; resist – resistance – resistant – resistless; engine – engineer – engineering; metallurgy – metallurgist – metallurgical; prevent – prevention – preventive; hazard – hazardous; alter – alteration; possible – impossible – possibility – impossibility; accident – accidental.

8. Переведите:

а) существительные с суффиксом –tion:

application , communication, operation, generation, transmission, distribution, station, introduction, integration, information, indication, synchronization, television, telecommunications, revolution, implantation, creation, microminiatuzation, prevention, alteration.

б) герундий:

generating, transmitting, distributing, using, optimizing, amplifying, adding, demodulating, manufacturing, creating, switching, keeping, increasing, heating, ventilating, designing, suggesting.

9. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод слова “engineering”:

1. Electrical and electronics engineering is the largest and most diverse field of engineering. 2. Despite its diversity, electrical engineering can be divided into four main branches: electric power and machinery, electronics, communications and control, and computers. 3. Electronic engineering deals with the research, design, integration, and application of circuits and devices used in the transmission and processing of information. 4. Computer engineering is now the most rapidly growing field. 5. The field of computer science is closely related to computer engineering. 6. One current trend in computer engineering is microminiaturization. 7. A typical example of modern mechanical engineering is the design of a car or an agricultural machine. 8. In recent years safety engineering has become a speciality adopted by individuals trained in other branches of engineering.

10. Запомните: