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LESSON 9

NOMINATIVE PLURAL OF NOUNS AND

ADJECTIVES

In this lesson you will:

•Learn how to form the plural forms of nouns in the anatomical terminology.

•Learn how to form the plural forms of adjectives in the anatomical terminology.

•Learn abbreviations used in the anatomical terminology.

This lesson is divided into the following sections:

I.Nouns and adjectives endings in Nominative plural. II. Formation of Nominative plural forms.

III. Abbreviations used in the anatomical terminology. IV. Exercises.

V. Vocabulary

I. NOUNS AND ADJECTIVES ENDINGS IN NOMINATIVE PLURAL

The Latin nouns have Nominative plural endings as follows:

Attention!!! – Remember one neuter noun of the 3rd declension which has the Nominative plural ending -ia: rete – retia (network – networks). Other neuter nouns of the 3rd declension, which have the Nominative plural ending –ia, are not used in the anatomical terminology.

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The Latin adjectives have Nominative plural endings as follows:

Attention!!! - All neuter nouns irrespective of their declension as well as all adjectives in the neuter form in Nominative plural end in –а (adjectives of the 2nd group in -ĭa).

II.FORMATION OF NOMINATIVE PLURAL FORMS

In order to form the Nominative plural forms you should:

1)determine:

•declension and gender of a noun or

•group and gender of an adjective;

2)find the stem and form the plural form by adding to the stem the appropriate Nominative plural ending of this declension and gender.

E.g.:

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1.form the Genitive singular form;

2.determine the stem (obtained from the Genitive form without its ending –is);

3.add the appropriate Nominative plural gender ending.

III. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE ANATOMICAL

TERMINOLOGY

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IV. EXERCISES

1. Determine the dictionary form of each word:

alveŏli dentāles (dental alveoli), spatia interglobularia (interglobular spaces), valvŭlae venōsae (venous valvulae), nomĭna anatomĭca (anatomical names), juga alveolaria (alveolar eminences), venae intercostāles anteriōres (anterior intercostal venae), labia oris (lips of mouth), canalicŭli dentāles (dental small canales), facies articulāres (articular surfaces), ductus sublinguāles minōres (minor sublingual ducts), vasa sinusoiděa liēnis (sinusoid vessels of spleen), crura ossea (bony crura), arteriae ciliāres posteriōres longae (long posterior ciliary arteries).

2. Translate into Latin. Make up Nominative plural forms:

carotic (tuber, sulcus, canal), lymphatic (vessel, node, valve), incisive (canal, opening, fossa), articular (cavity, process, cartilage), nasal (concha, bone, opening), anterior (margin, surface, septum), palatine (tonsil, process), jugular (tubercle, incisure (slit), process), wing-shaped (canal, process, fossa), ethmoidal (crest, bone, foramen), occipital (region, lobe, opening), mammiform (process, incisure, opening), lower (wall, fissure, arch), transverse (process, lobe, ligament, artery), posterior (horn, nucleus, surface).

3. Determine the case, number and part of speech of each word in the terms: