книги из ГПНТБ / Нечипоренко, В. Ф. Словарь-минимум разговорной лексики (англо-русский) для неязыковых вузов

COMM ENTA R Y I

Для усвоения материала данного раздела следует повторить временные формы английского глагола в дей­ ствительном залоге, в изъявительном наклонении. Необ­ ходимо уяснить себе, что в английском языке, как и в русском, употребляются тр и времени: настоящее, про­ шедшее и будущее. Каждое из этих времен получает свое

nuous; Present (Past, Future) Perfect; Present (Past) Perfect Continuous.

Формы Indefinite и Continuous представляют собою выражения глагольного вида в современном английском

Copy the text and translate it into Russian:

A. TEXT

Biography and Residence*

Michael Safonov is a pupil of Secondary School No. 2. He is in the ninth form now. In two and a half years he will

* See Vocabulary pp, 6-7

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finish his school and try to enter an institute or a uni­ versity.

Mike was born in the family of a worker in 1955. Soon he will be sixteen. He learned to. read and write at an early age. His mother taught him that. At the age of 7 Mike began to attend school.

Their family is not very large — a father, a mother, his brother Pavel, his sister Ann and Mike. In other words they have a family of five.

Pavel, an elder brother of his, is 18 years old. Last summer he took his entrance examinations at the Ordzho­ nikidze Economic Engineering Institute in Moscow and passed them successfully. Now Pavel is a first-year student at the machine-building faculty.

Ann is much younger than Mike. She is about ten and is still a school-girl.

Their native town is Volokolamsk, a hundred kilo­ meters or so off Moscow. Ann and Mike have been living there since their birthdays.

The Safonovs have a house of their own. There are three rooms and a kitchen in it.

The mother, Vera Vasilyevna, is now a housewife. The father, Dmitry Semyonovich, works at the railway station. He is a railworker. He has been working at the station all his life. He is earning a good wage, quite sufficient to support his family.

Dmitry Semyonovich is a non-party man. Both his sons have already joined the Komsomol and Ann is going to become a pioneer.

In the daytime when the two children are at school and Dmitry Semyonovich is at the station, Vera Vasilyevna is busy cooking ordoing some other work.

In the afternoon they all come home and have dinner. After a short rest the children get down to their home­

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work. At the same time Dmitry Semyonovich is doing something in the kitchen-garden or in the yard.

Before going to bed the young and the old "are fond of reading an interesting book or a magazine, or like to listen in to the radio or watch T. V.

The whole family is accustomed to keep early hours,

E x e r c i s e s

E xe rcise /. Copy the questions and give short answers wherever possible:

e.g. (for example) Where were you born? — In Kazan. How old are you? — 21. >-

You live in this town, don’t you? — Yes.

to do when you finish the school? 7. How many persons

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C O M M E N T A R Y II

Для усвоения лексики и грамматики и выполнения упражнений следует повторить неличные формы глаго­ ла: п ричаст и е и г е р у н д и й (простые и сложные формы), их образование и функции в предложении. Необходимо уяснить себе, что причастие по своим функциям близко к прилагательному, т. е. оно часто употребляется в ка­ честве о п р е д е л е н и я . Причастие в английском язы­ ке также употребляется в качестве о б с т о я т е л ь с т в а времени, причины, образа действия или сопутствующего обстоятельства и в этом случае при переводе соответ­ ствует русскому деепричастию. Герундий же по своим функциям близок к имени существительному, а потому он часто употребляется в качестве п о д л е ж а щ е г о , д о п о л н е н и я , о п р е д е л е н и я и о б с т о я т е л ь ­ ства. Перед герундием может стоять какой-нибудь предлог, в то время как перед причастием предлог не употребляется. В современном английском языке суще­ ствует довольно много глаголов, после которых употреб­

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Copy the text and translate it into Russian.

After finishing the secondary school I found a job at one of our town’s factories. I made up my mind1 to become a good turner. I thought that later I might attend evening classes at some Institute as many people are doing now.

My working day begins early in the morning. I usually get up at half past six, dress and wash quickly and do a set of morning exercises.2 At 7 I have my breakfast. After breakfast I leave home for work.

As the factory is not very far from our house, I walk

In the beginning everything was strange and difficult for me. But little by little3 I got used to the people around me, to the shop atmosphere.4 Soon I made friends with a few young men, my workmates.

At noon we have an interval for dinner (in England they call it lunch). Some of us prefer dining at home after

(canteen). After dinner we still have some time to chat about all sorts of things.

At 4 o’clock our working day at the factory is over,

* See Vocabulary pp, 8—10.

3 7

allow myself to break this routine.

E x e r c i s e s

e.g.: — When do you get up? — At 7. — Your working day is over at 4, isn’t it? — Yes. — You’ve been working at the factory for a year, haven’t you? — Yes, about a year.

1. How long does it take you to get from home to the place of your work? 2. You already got used to your job, didn’t you? 3. What do you prefer: dining at home or in the factory’s dining-hall? 4. You are working as a turner, aren’t you? 5. When do you like to watch TV? 6. You

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