Tipping in europe

Waiters and waitresses in Europe are generally professionals, not students working part time to pay their way through school. They consider what they’re doing a career or profession, and they’re proud of it. That makes tipping serious business.

Tip too little, and a service person is likely to feel cheated out of fair compensation for his or her work. Tip too much, and a service person can feel like you are making him or her a charity case. But tip fairly and appropriately, it will be appreciated without being demeaning.

The key is to know both local customs and the value of what you’re giving. Most hotels and restaurants in Europe include a service charge of 10 to 20 percent. You may leave 5 percent extra if the service is exceptional, but it isn’t mandatory. You look silly if you leave more.

Remember: a service charge of 10 to 15 percent is usually included in the bill. If service is not included, leave 10 to 15 percent tip.

In Austria tipping is widespread but large amounts are not expected.

Tipping is never required in Belgium.

In Denmark tipping is not customary. A token tip is appreciated.

Tipping is not widespread in Finland; a service charge is included in most bills.

In France and Spain small change can be left on the table as an additional gratuity for good service.

When you are in Germany or Sweden, round the bill up to the nearest full euro (minimum of 1-2).

In Greece you should leave the tip on the plate brought by the waiter on which the bill was presented.

In Italy you should tip anyone who provides a service for you. In restaurants small change (but never coins) can be left as an additional gratuity for good service.

An extra tip is expected.

In Norway and Switzerland tipping is not common outside the principle cities.

In Turkey tips are listed in U.S. currency because of the high inflation rate. A service charge is generally not included in the bill except for expensive restaurants. You pay your bill to the waiter or waitress at the table, but leave a 10-15 percent tip on the table.

In the United Kingdom wage levels for catering staff are deliberately set low in the expectation that tips will make up the difference. So, if the service charge is not included, leave a 10-15 percent tip.

UNIT 9

Взято с сайта http://community.lighting.philips.com

Shops and Shopping

Preview Answer the questions. Then talk about your answers: Do you like shopping? What do you like to buy: clothes, food, anything else? What is your favourite shop? Why? How often do you go shopping? Do you usually spend a lot of money and time doing shopping? Do you prefer shopping on your own or with your family/friends?

I. READING

Read and translate the text

Shops and shopping

One of the features of London is the number of big stores, most of which can be found in or near the West End. These stores are a mixture of tradition and modernity and they are always ready to follow new trends.

Взято с сайта http://www.lunson-mitchenall.co.uk

The big stores of London are vast multistory buildings, equipped with speedy lifts and escalators, with well-planned lighting, ventilation and heating. Departments are carefully named: “Budget Dresses” are really cheap dresses – but no customer likes to be thought of as a cheap shopper. Then there are newer words for the new trends in fashion – “Mix and Match”; “Unisex” – that says they sell clothes suitable for both sexes in this department. There are also boutiques that sell fashionable clothes but the prices are rather high and not many people can afford to buy things there. Shop assistants who work in such shops are very polite and eager to help customers with advice. Sometimes they offer discounts especially during big sales.

Взято с сайта http://houlishop.wordpress.com

Another feature of London’s shopping life is the chain-stores, in which the goods are displayed on open counters. A wide variety of goods is offered – chiefly foodstuffs, household goods, clothing and stationary. These chain-stores have branches in most British towns.

Chemist’s is a special shop where you can buy not only medicines but also cosmetics, baby products and toilet supplies, such as shampoo, soap, toothpaste, toothbrushes.

You can also come across small shops like a butcher’s – selling meat or a greengrocer’s – selling fruit and vegetables, but they are not as common as large food stores.

Взято с сайта http://www.groceryheadquarters.com/

Most of food stores, called supermarkets, operate on the self-service system: you go in, pick up a basket, walk round the shop and choose what you want. At the exit there is a cash-desk where you pay for all your goods together.

II. VOCABULARY

store [stɔː] These stores are a mixture of tradition and modernity.	магазин Эти магазины – сочетание традиций и современности.
multistory [ˈmʌltiˌstɔːi] The big stores of London are vast multistory buildings.	многоэтажный Большие магазины Лондона – огромные многоэтажные здания.
budget dresses [ˈbʌdʒət]	бюджетные платья
suitable [ˈsuːtəbl] They sell clothes suitable for both sexes.	подходящий Они продают одежду, подходящую для обоих полов.
сustomer [ˈkʌstəmə]	покупатель
boutique [buːˈtiːk]	бутик
to afford [əˈfɔːd] People can afford to buy things there.	позволять себе Люди могут позволить себе покупать там вещи.
shop assistant [əˈsɪstənt]	продавец
polite [pəˈlaɪt]	вежливый
to be eager [ˈiːɡə] The shop assistant was very polite and eager to help.	сильно хотеть, желать Продавец был очень вежливым и стремился помочь.
discount [ˈdɪskaʊnt]	скидка
sale [seɪl] They offered me a discount because it was the time of sales.	распродажа Мне предложили скидку, поскольку это было время распродаж.
chain-store [ˈtʃeɪn stɔː] There are many chain-stores in this town.	сеть магазинов В этом городе много сетей магазинов.
open counter [ˈkaʊntə] It is very convenient to buy in the shop with open counters.	открытый прилавок Очень удобно совершать покупки в магазинах с открытыми прилавками.
foodstuffs [ˈfuːdstʌfs]	продукты
household goods [ˈhaʊshəʊld ɡʊdz]	товары для дома
stationary [ˈsteɪʃənri]	канцелярские товары
chemist’s [ˈkemɪstɪz] Unfortunately there is no chemist’s near my house.	аптека К сожалению, возле моего дома нет аптеки.
toilet supplies [ˈtɔɪlɪt səˈplaɪz]	товары личной гигиены, туалетные принадлежности
butcher’s [ˈbʊtʃərz]	мясная лавка
greengrocer’s [ˈɡriːnɡrəʊsəɪz] Fruit and vegetables in this greengrocer’s are always fresh.	овощной магазин Фрукты и овощи в этом овощном магазине всегда свежие.
supermarket [ˈsuːpəmɑːkɪt]	супермаркет
self-service system [self ˈsɜːvɪs ˈsɪstəm] Most supermarkets operate on the self service system.	система самообслуживания Большинство супермаркетов работают по системе самообслуживания.
basket [ˈbɑːskɪt]	корзина
cash-desk [kæʃ desk] There was a long line of people at the cash-desk.	касса У кассы была большая очередь.

III. READING COMPREHENSION

Answer the questions:

1. What is one of the typical features of London?

2. How do the big stores of London look like?

3. Why departments are carefully named?

4. What does “unisex” mean?

5. What is a boutique?

6. When do the shops give discounts?

7. What can you buy at chain-stores?

8. What is a chemist’s?

9. What kind of small shops still remained in London?

10. On what system do supermarkets operate?

2. Choose the correct word or word combination:

1. One of the features of London is the number of … .

a. foreigners

b. big stores

c. street traffic

2. Most of the shops can be found in or near … .

1. the West End

2. the East End

3. the City

3. The big stores of London are … buildings.

1. old-fashioned

2. vast multistory

3. modern

4. There also … that sell fashionable clothes.

1. supermarkets

2. chain-stores

3. boutiques

5. Shop assistants who work in such shops are very polite and eager to help customers with … .

1. advice

2. discounts

3. sales

6. In chain-stores the goods are displayed on … .

1. branches

2. cash-desk

3. open counters

7. Chemist’s is a special shop where you can buy not only … but also cosmetics, baby products and toilet supplies.

a. medicines

b. food

c. clothes

8. Most of food stores, called … , operate on the self-service system.

1. butcher’s

2. supermarkets

3. greengrocer’s

3. Complete the sentences:

1. These stores are a mixture of ………………………………………..……..…….. .

2. “Budget Dresses” are really cheap dresses – but no customer likes to be thought of as …………………………………………………………………………….…….. .

3. There are also boutiques that sell fashionable clothes but the prices are rather high and not many people …………………………………………..……………...…. .

4. Sometimes they ……………………………………….especially during big sales.

5. A wide ………………………….. is offered – chiefly foodstuffs, household goods, clothing and stationary.

6. These chain-stores have branches in ………….….……………………………. .

7. Chemist’s is a special shop where you can buy not only medicines but also cosmetics, baby products and toilet supplies, such as ………..…………............ .

8. You can also come across small shops like a ………………... – selling meat or a greengrocer’s – …………………………..., but they are not as common as large food stores.

9. When you go into a supermarket, you pick up a ………………., walk round the shop and choose what you want and at the exit there is a..………...where you pay for all your goods together.

IV. ANALYZE

1. Match the words with their Russian equivalents:

mixture	подходящий
fashionable	цена
display	следовать новым тенденциям
stationary	модный
price	скоростной
toilet supplies	канцелярия
suitable	туалетные принадлежности
follow new trends	выставлять, показывать
speedy	сочетание, смесь

2. Give the English equivalents:

1. большое количество магазинов ...........................................................................

2. оборудовать скоростными лифтами и эскалаторами ......................................

3. цены достаточно высоки ......................................................................................

4. предлагать скидки ................................................................................................

5. сети магазинов ......................................................................................................

6. детские товары ......................................................................................................

7. продавать фрукты и овощи ..................................................................................

8. ходить по магазину ...............................................................................................

9. платить за все товары ..........................................................................................

3. Put the words in the correct word order:

1. a mixture of/ stores/ tradition/ these/ and/ are/ modernity

2. can/ to buy/ not many/ things/ there/ afford/ people

3. the goods/ counters/ are/ on open/ displayed

4. a special/ chemist’s/ where/ is/ buy/ medicines/ shop/ you can

5. there/ at/ a cash-desk/ is/ the exit

6. in this/ sell/ for both/ they/ sexes/ department/ suitable/ clothes

7. system/ operate/ service/ on the/ supermarkets/ self

8. cheap/to be/ no/ likes/ thought of /as a/ customer/ shopper

4. Match the words with their English definitions:

multistory	shop selling various kinds of meat
boutiques	place where you pay for things
shop assistant	proper, fit
butcher’s	writing paper, pens and pencils, envelopes
unisex	having more than one floor
cash-desk	person who works in a shop
suitable	products used at home
stationary	shop selling fashionable clothes
household goods	suitable for both sexes

V. TRANSLATE

1. Моя подруга с удовольствием следует новым тенденциям моды. ………..……...

………………………………………………………………………..………………... .

2. Наше офисное здание оборудовано скоростными лифтами. ……..………………

……………………………………………………………………………..…………... .

3. Покупатели часто заходят в этот магазин, так как цены здесь не очень высоки, а продавцы вежливы. …………………………………………………….…………….

……………………………………………………………………..………………...… .

4. Я с нетерпением жду сезона распродаж. …………………..………………………

……………………………………………………………………..……………...…… .

5. Эти туфли были из старой коллекции, поэтому я получила 50% скидку. …….....

……………………………………………………………………………………...… .

6. В нашем городе известная сеть магазинов часто предлагает товары со скидкой. …………………………………………………………………………………..……….

………………………………………………………………………..………...……… .

7. Цены в этой аптеке слишком высокие. …………………..………………………...

…………………………………………………………………...……..……………… .

8. Когда я прихожу в супермаркет, я беру корзинку и долго хожу по магазину.

…………………………………………………………………………………..…….. .

9. На кассе собралась большая очередь, а я торопился, поэтому ушел, ничего не купив. …………………………………………………………………………...………

……………………………………………………………………………..………..…. .

10. Вам не следует покупать в этом овощном магазине фрукты – они не очень свежие. ………………………………………………………………………………...

…………………………………………………………………………..……………... .

VI. SPEAKING

1. Study the topics for composition then choose one and prepare a short report on it:

1. My favourite shop

2. I like / dislike shopping

3. Well-known supermarkets of our town – advantages and disadvantages

4. Shopaholics. Do they really exist?

UNIT 9