Manners
The manners appeared for a practical purpose. For example, when two men met, they extended their right hands – and eventually shook them – to show that they were not carrying weapons. A handshake served as a display of friendship, or at least to demonstrate a lack of hostility.
The manners used in much of the Western world have common antecedents; they have evolved in different ways in different places. These are some general ones:
Quiet, modest behavior is always appreciated.
Never meet, greet or talk to someone with your hands in your pockets.
Humor is very local. It is best to avoid “telling a joke”.
Do not chew gum in public.
Always use “please” and “thank you” – in the local language if possible.
Never put your feet on furniture.
Do not eat while walking in the streets.
Show respect for others’ habits and customs.
Do not talk about money – yours or theirs.
Do not point or beckon with your index finger.
Do not ask for a tour of someone’s home.
Never wander uninvited into the “private” rooms of someone’s home.
Respect the privacy and dignity of others at all times; when in doubt, put yourself in their place.
Some good topics of conversation
Food and wine
Art and music
Sports
Cars
Politics (ask questions but never make a judgmental statement about their political system or a particular politician)
Do not discuss
Salary
Where someone lives
Marital status
Educational level
Smoking etiquette
Never smoke anyplace at any time without asking permission of your host, other guests, office colleagues, restaurant personnel, or anyone present who might object to sharing the environment with a smoker.
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UNIT 5 |
Взято с сайта http://yandex.ru/images
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Education in Britain |
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Preview Answer the questions. Then talk about your answers.
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I. READING |
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Read and translate the text |
Education in britain
If
you want to go
to
university, you must first pass
examinations that most students take at the age of eighteen. They are
called “A” levels. Most students take three “A” levels in
three different subjects. To get a place at university you must pass
the exams well, because the number of places is limited.
At the moment, about 40 % of young people go to university in
Britain.
Взято с сайта http://yandex.ru/images
When you get a place at university, the tuition is free, that means you don’t have to pay for the teaching. Some students may also get a grant. Grant is the money to pay for living expenses – food and accommodation. Students at universities are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first degree.
Most
Bachelor programs last
for three years, some can continue
for four, and some may be even longer – medicine, for example. The
students can say they are doing law or studying for a degree in law.
When they finish the course and successfully
pass their examinations they receive a degree. This can be Bachelor
of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), Bachelor of Engineering
(BEng) or Bachelor of Law.
Взято с сайта http://yandex.ru/images
If
you want to continue your education, you can do a second course –
postgraduate
course.
Such students are called postgraduates and they are studying for a
Master’s degree. The course also consists of lectures, seminars and
practical studies and goes on for one or two years. You can get a
Master of Arts (MA), Master of Science (MSc) or Master of Philosophy
(MPhil) degree.
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To obtain a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree you must study for two more years during which you conduct research on some subject, publish the results in scientific journals and write a research paper. You have a research advisor who helps you with your work.
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Notes |
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Bachelor of Arts (BA) |
Бакалавр искусств |
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Bachelor of Science (BSc) |
Бакалавр науки |
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Bachelor of Engineering (BEng) |
Бакалавр инженерии |
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Bachelor of Law |
Бакалавр права |
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Master of Arts (MA) |
Магистр искусств |
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Master of Science (MSc) |
Магистр науки |
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Master of Philosophy (MPhil) |
Магистр философии |
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Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) |
Доктор философии |
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1. to go to [ˈentə] the university |
поступать в университет |
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2. to pass [pɑːs] an examination You must first pass examinations. |
сдавать экзамен Сначала Вы должны сдать экзамены. |
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3. limited [ˈlɪmɪtɪd] the number of places is limited |
ограниченный число мест ограничено |
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4. tuition [tjuːˈɪʃn] The tuition is free. |
обучение Обучение бесплатно. |
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5. grant [ɡrɑːnt] Students may also get a grant. |
грант Студенты могут также получить грант. |
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6. living expenses [ˈlɪvɪŋɪkˈspensɪz] |
расходы на проживание |
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7. undergraduate [ˌʌndəˈɡrædjuət] |
студент-бакалавр |
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8. degree [dɪˈɡriː] Master’s degree |
степень степень магистра |
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9. to last [lɑːst] Most courses last for three years. |
длиться Большинство курсов длятся три года. |
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10. to continue [kənˈtɪnjuː] Some can continue for four years. |
продолжаться Некоторые продолжаются четыре года. |
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11. postgraduate [ˌpəʊstˈɡrædʒuət] |
магистрант/аспирант |
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12. to conduct research [kənˈdʌkt rɪˈsɜːtʃ] to conduct research on |
проводить исследования
проводить исследования по теме |
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13. to publish [ˈpʌblɪʃ] to publish the results in scientific journals |
публиковать публиковать результаты в научных журналах |
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14. research advisor [rɪˈsɜːtʃ ədˈvaɪzər] My research advisor is a PhD. |
научный руководитель
Мой научный руководитель – доктор философии. |
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1. Answer the Questions |
What are the examinations to go to university called?
At what age do young people pass them?
What is the percentage of people getting higher education in Britain at the moment?
Is the tuition free for everybody when you go to university?
What is a grant?
What is an undergraduate?
How long do most Bachelor programs at university last?
What is the first university degree?
What is the second university degree?
What should you do to obtain Doctor’s degree?
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Most students take …”A” levels.
a) 2
b) 4
c) 3
2. The number of places at universities is … .
a) free
b) limited
c) vacant
3. At the moment, about … of young people go to university in Britain.
a) 40%
b) 50%
c) 30%
4. The money to pay for living expenses – food and accommodation – is called …
a) tuition
b) a grant
c) education
5. Students, studying for their first degree, are called … .
a) masters
b) postgraduates
c) undergraduates
6. Students are called postgraduates when they are studying for a … .
a) Master’s degree
b) Bachelor’s degree
c) Doctor’s degree
7. To obtain a PhD degree you must conduct … on some subject.
a) research
b) education
c) career
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If you want to go to university, you must first pass ……………………………..
Most students take three ……………………....... in three different subjects.
To get a place at university you must pass the exams …………………...……...
At the moment, about 40 % of …………………. go to university in Britain.
When you get a place at university, the .................................................. is free.
Some students may also get a …………………………………….……………...
Students are called undergraduates while they are studying for their first ….......
Most university courses ……………………………………... for three years.
When they ………...………... pass their examinations they receive a degree.
Students are called ………… while they are studying for a Master’s degree.
To obtain a PhD degree you must study for …………….……… more years.
You have a …………………………..……… who helps you with your work.
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поступить в университет …………………………………………….………….
по трем разным предметам …………………………………………………......
число мест ограничено ………………………………………………………….
вам не нужно платить за обучение …………………………………………….
некоторые могут длиться дольше, например, медицина …………………......
……………………………………………………………………………….…….
учиться для получения степени в юриспруденции …………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………….
вы можете получить степень магистра в области гуманитарных наук………
……………………………………………………………………………….…….
лекции, семинары и практические занятия ……………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………….
написать научно-исследовательскую работу …………………………..…….
научный руководитель помогает ………………………………………….…...
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1. to enter |
a. products you eat |
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2. successfully |
b. to go on, to continue |
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3. to last |
c. study of a subjects in detail |
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4. undergraduates |
d. highest scientific degree |
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5. Doctor of Philosophy |
e. very well |
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6. research |
f. to carry out |
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7. food |
g. to go to university |
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8. to conduct |
h. students at university |
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Для того чтобы получить место в университете, нужно сдать три экзамена.
………..……………………………………………………………………………...… .
Большинство студентов платят за обучение, так как число бесплатных мест ограничено. ………………………………….…………………………………………
…………………………………………………………….………………………...… .
В настоящий момент около 40 процентов молодых людей Великобритании учатся в университетах. ……………………………………………………………...
…...………………………………………………………………….………………… .
Некоторые студенты могут получить грант. …………………….……………….
...……………………………………………………………………….……………… .
Некоторые курсы обучения в университете длятся дольше всех, например медицина. ………………………………………………………………………….. …...……………………………………………………………………….…………… .
Вы можете получить степень бакалавра искусств или науки. ……….………...
……...…………………………………………………………………………….…… .
Если Вы хотите, Вы можете продолжить своё образование и поступить в магистратуру. …………………………………………………………………….……
……...…………………………………………………………………………….…… .
Курс обучения также состоит из лекций, семинаров и практических занятий. ………………………………………………………………………………….………..
………...………………………………………………………………………….…… .
Для получения степени доктора философии нужно учиться еще 1-2 года и написать исследовательскую работу. ……………………………………………….
……………...……………………………………………………………….………… .
У Вас будет научный руководитель, который поможет вам в Вашей научной работе. ………………………………………………………………………………….
…...…………………………………………………………………….……………… .
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Josh: You seem to know your way around campus. Have you been here long?
Ellen: I am a senior literature major. I will be graduating next June.
Josh: Your major is literature? Mine is too! But I’m just beginning my work in my major. You see, I just transferred to this university from junior college.
Ellen: Well, that’s great. Can I help you?
Josh: Perhaps you could tell me about the courses you’ve got to take for a literature major?
Ellen: Well, for a literature major you need to take eight courses, three required courses and five electives. First, you have to take “Survey of World Literature, Parts One and Two”. This is really two courses, and it’ll take two semesters and it’s required for all literature majors. The other course required for all literature majors is “Introduction into Literary Analysis”
Josh: You mean, if I want to specialize in American literature, I still must take two semesters of World Literature?
Ellen: Yes, because the two semesters are required for all literature majors.
Josh: But I only want to study American literature!
Ellen: At least you can take all of your five elective courses in the area that you want.
Josh: That’s what I’ll do then.
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UNIT 6 |
Взято с сайта http://yandex.ru/images
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Preview Answer the questions. Then talk about your answers.
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International Etiquette |
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I. READING |
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Read and translate the text |