Memoirs of
Nikita Khrushchev
Edited by Sergei Khrushchev
volume 3
s t a t e s m a n
[ 1 9 5 3 – 1 9 6 4 ]
memoirs of nikita khrushchev
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Memoirs of
Nikita Khrushchev
VOLUME 3
statesman
[ 1953–1964 ]
Edited by
Sergei Khrushchev
Memoirs translated by George Shriver
Supplementary material translated by Stephen Shenfield
The Thomas J. Watson Jr. Institute for International Studies
BROWN UNIVERSITY • PROVIDENCE • RHODE ISLAND
THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS
UNIVERSITY PARK, PENNSYLVANIA
Disclaimer:
Some images in the original version of this book are not available for inclusion in the eBook.
The translation and publication of the memoirs in this edition have been made possible through funding provided by the Martha and Artemis Joukowsky Family Foundation, David Rockefeller Sr., David Rockefeller Jr., Timothy Forbes and the Forbes Foundation, the Kairis family, the Donald R. Sohn Foundation, the Carnegie Corporation of New York, Harry Orbelian of San Francisco, Edward H. Ladd of Boston, and the Thomas J. Watson Institute for International Studies of Brown University.
The donors do not take responsibility for any statements or view expressed in this work.
Library of Congress Control Number: 2003007060
Volume 1: Commissar, 1918–1945 (ISBN 0-271-02332-5)
Volume 2: Reformer, 1945–1964 (ISBN 0-271-02861-0)
Volume 3: Statesman, 1953–1964 (ISBN 978-0-271-02935-1)
The complete memoirs on which this translation is based were originally published in Russian in four volumes as N. S. Khrushchev: Vremia, liudi, vlast’, by Moskovskiye Novosti.
Copyright 1999 by Moskovskiye Novosti.
Copyright © 2007 The Pennsylvania State University
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Published by THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS,
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It is the policy of THE PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS to use acid-free paper. This book is printed on Natures Natural, containing 50% post-consumer waste, and meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Material, ANSI Z39.48–1992.
Frontispiece: Visit to Magdalen College, Oxford, April 1956.
Khrushchev and the president of the college, Thomas Boase, lead the way.
Courtesy of Magdalen College, Oxford. (Photo: John Gibbons Studios)
Contents
Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii Abbreviations and Acronyms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ix
the memoirs |
|
Relations with the West: The Cold War |
|
Before and After the Peace Treaty with Austria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
. 3 |
The Four-Power Summit Meeting in Geneva (July 1955) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
30 |
Meeting with Adenauer (September 1955) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
55 |
The Visit to Great Britain. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
65 |
Beginning of the Visit to the United States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
91 |
From New York to Iowa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
130 |
Washington and Camp David . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
158 |
The Visit to France. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
189 |
The Four-Power Summit Meeting in Paris (May 1960) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
236 |
The Visit to the United Nations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
258 |
John Kennedy and the Berlin Wall . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
293 |
The Cuban Missile Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
315 |
Visiting the Scandinavian Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
359 |
The Socialist Commonwealth |
|
On the Road to Socialism . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 385 Mao Zedong . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 397 Friendship with China After the Victory of the People’s Revolution . . . . . . . 412 Turn for the Worse in Relations with China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435 Further Worsening of Relations with China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 464 Ho Chi Minh . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498 Albania. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 509 Yugoslavia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 Germany . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 557 Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 581 Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 644 Czechoslovakia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 674 Romania . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 698
[ ]
|
|
Opening a Window Onto the Third World |
|
India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
723 |
Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
751 |
India, Afghanistan, Iran, and Again India . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
763 |
Indonesia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
785 |
Egypt. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
809 |
The Six Day War in the Middle East . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
859 |
From Syria to Yemen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
867 |
Relations with African Countries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
877 |
appendixes
How Khrushchev Subdued America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 891 Biographies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 895
Chronology, 1953–1964 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1083 Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1119
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Acknowledgments
I WOULD LIKE to express my deep appreciation to all those colleagues who have assisted in various ways in the preparation of this third and final volume of my father’s memoirs.
George Shriver translated the memoirs based mainly on the text of Volume 2, Part 4, and Volume 3 of the Russian-language edition published in 1999 by Moskovskiye Novosti (Moscow News) Publishing Company. (Certain unclear passages were clarified by going back to the original tapes of my father’s voice.) Stephen Shenfield translated the article “How Khrushchev Subdued America” in the appendixes and the photograph captions and compiled the biographies. The bibliography was prepared by Irina Lynden. The chronology was translated from a Soviet archival source by Anastasiya Karponosova and Anya (Anna) Rasulova. The material presented in the notes was in part translated by Stephen Shenfield from the Moscow News edition (unmarked notes and passages marked [MN]) and in part written by George Shriver [GS], Stephen Shenfield [SS], and myself [SK]. Yuri Panov in Rhode Island, Dr. Valery Melnichenko in Kiev, and my son Nikita Khrushchev Jr. in Moscow kindly provided information for some of the notes and biographies. Individuals who provided information for a specific note are acknowledged in that note.
Sergei Khrushchev, editor
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