- •Chapter II mechanical tools
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences, observing different meanings of the words and word combinations given in italics:
- •VIII. Make up questions to which the italicized words are the answers:
- •IX. Using the following words and word combinations describe the drawing shown in Fig. 2:
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Supply the missing words:
- •III. Translate the following sentences into English using the infinitive instead of the attributive clauses:
- •IV. Make up questions to which the italicized words are the answers:
- •V. Giving the answers to the following questions describe the principle of operation of pliers, bench-shears, and alligator shears and pipe-cutter shown in Figs 4, 5, 7, and 8:
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •VI. Make up questions to which the italicized words are the answers:
- •VII. Giving answers to the following questions describe Fig. 9:
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English:
- •II. Translate the following groups of words, paying attention to the meaning of suffixes:
- •III. Supply synonyms for the following words:
- •V. Translate the following sentences observing different meanings of the words in italics:
- •VI. (a) Translate the following text using a dictionary:
- •VII. Using the following words and word combinations describe the principle of operation of the vernier calipers shown in Fig. 13:
- •VIII. Giving answers to the following questions describe the principle of operation of the micrometer shown in Fig. 14:
- •IX. Describe the measuring tools shown in Figs 15, 16, and 18.
- •6. Machine-cutting tools
- •II. Use these verbs in the past participle form and make up word-combinations using past participles as attributes:
- •III. Underline the suffixes and prefixes and translate into Russian the following group of words of the same stem:
- •IV. Choose synonymical groups out of the following list:
- •V. Change the following sentences, using the subordinate clause instead of participle phrases. Translate the sentences into Russian:
- •VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English using different ways of expressing obligation:
- •VIII. Give different meanings of the words, give some examples of their use.
- •IX. Make up questions to which the italicized words are the answers:
- •X. (a) Read and translate the following text without using a dictionary:
- •7. Drills and rilling
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Retell the text giving answers to the following questions:
- •III. Form adverbs from the following adjectives:
- •IV. Underline the suffixes and prefixes and translate into Russian the following groups of words of the same stem:
- •V. Supply the missing words:
- •VI. Connect the following sentences using the conjunction either... Or:
- •VII. Translate the following sentences into English using the past participle instead of the attributive clauses:
- •VIII. Analyse and translate the following sentences:
- •IX. Describe Fig. 22 orally using the following words and word combinations:
- •8. Threading tools
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •II. Retell the text giving answers to the following questions:
- •III. Supply synonyms for the following words:
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •VII. Connect the following sentences using participle constructions and translate the sentences into Russian:
- •VIII. Giving answers to the following questions describe the construction and principle of operation of the centre shown in Fig. 26:
- •IX. Describe the construction of the running centre shown in Fig. 27.
- •10. Holding work in a chuck
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •VII. Giving answers to the following questions describe the jaw chuck shown in Fig. 28 and its principle of operation:
- •VIII. Using the following words and word combinations describe the construction and principle of operation of the concentric chuck shown in Fig. 29:
- •IX. Describe the construction and principle of operation of the contracting chuck shown in Fig. 30.
- •11. Holding work in a vice
- •I. Translate the following words and phrases from the text:
- •VI. Translate into English:
- •VII. (a) Read and translate the text without using a dictionary:
- •VII. Using the following words and word combinations describe the principle of operation of the swivel vices shown in Fig. 31:
II. Use these verbs in the past participle form and make up word-combinations using past participles as attributes:
to grind, to turn, to form, to cut, to temper, to harden, to provide
III. Underline the suffixes and prefixes and translate into Russian the following group of words of the same stem:
to adjust, adjustable, adjusting, adjustment;
to continue, continual, continuance, continuation, discontinuation, discontinuance, to discontinue;
to divide, divided, division, divisional, divisor, to subdivide, subdivisible, subdivision
IV. Choose synonymical groups out of the following list:
to sharpen, to undergo, to understand, precise, accuracy, to realize, to complete, to start, to subject, to finish, to begin, accurate, to clamp, precision, to squeeze, to grind
V. Change the following sentences, using the subordinate clause instead of participle phrases. Translate the sentences into Russian:
Example: Cutting tools used for various metal-cutting operations have quite a wide range of shapes.
Cutting tools which are used for various metal cutting operations have quite a wide range of shapes.
1. The number and types of cutting tools used in practice are very large. 2. Tools designed to take heavy roughing cuts are known as roughing tools. 3. Milling cutters have several cutting edges giving the cutter the advantage of cutting. 4. Each blade of the milling cutter is a single-point cutter provided with proper rake and clearance angles. 5. The cutting angle is determined by the physical characteristics of the material being machined. 6. A high cutting speed, a small chip thickness and a large rake angle are factors facilitating the flow of the chip over the face of the tool. 7. Different kinds of cutting tools are used for metal cutting processes depending upon the kind of metal being cut. 8. The elements of a single-point tool used for turning operations are shown in Fig. 20.
VI. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
1. The distance that the tool is set into the work for cutting operations is referred to as the depth of cut. 2. Metals may be so strong that it is difficult to produce a tool capable of cutting off the chip without frequent failures. 3. If the metal to be cut is soft, the top rake of the tool is decreased. 4. When a tool cuts metal a force is exerted on its face by the material pushed ahead, and a friction force is set up along the face of the tool by a sliding chip. 5. If the tool were not ground correctly, it would not cut freely. 6. The basic principle of design employed in making single-point cutting tools is the wedge which can be modified in accordance with requirements.
VII. Translate the following sentences into English using different ways of expressing obligation:
1. Все резцы, в зависимости от типа машины, на которой они используются, нужно подразделять на токарные, фрезерные, строгальные и другие. 2. Для того чтобы продлить работу режущего инструмента, следует правильно выбирать скорость резания. 3. Угол заточки инструмента должен меняться в зависимости от материала обрабатываемой детали. 4. Инструмент, который нужно затачивать и устанавливать в определенное положение в автоматическом станке, следует насаживать с меньшей силой, чем обдирочный резец. 5. Режущие инструменты могут затачиваться до тех пор, пока не останется маленькая полоска режущей кромки, и все же их можно еще использовать для резки материала.