- •Introduction to the Computing……………………………………….5
- •Definitions.……………………………………………………………….45
- •Topics for Essays, Oral or Written Reports……………………….92
- •Introduction to the Computing
- •I.1 translate the following phrases.
- •I.4 Do you agree with the statements below? Correct the wrong ones.
- •I.5 Ask questions to each other.
- •I.6 Ask your fellow students some questions to each sentence.
- •I.9 a) Having read the dialogue above you should decide whether the following statements and suggestions are true or false. Change a false statement to make it true.
- •1. Prefix tables
- •I.10 Practise using underlined words with negative prefixes. Contradict the following statements in the same way as the example. Not all the words you need are in the table above.
- •I.13 construct words or phrases to replace the underlined words.
- •I.18 a) Translate the following into Russian, mind the prefixes.
- •7. Space / time the following units of measure are used to define storage and transmission capacities
- •I.19 match the words with their definitions.
- •*** Key expressions to be used in your own Dialogues
- •I.22 Do you know the difference? Translate the words below the table & put them in.
- •I.23 Do you know these words? Translate them…
- •I.24 decide what the prefixes mean in the following.
- •I.25 Fill in the gaps with the correct prefix from the box.
- •I.26 a) Fill in the table below with the words underneath.
- •I.29 match the beginnings & the endings (there are several definitions for some terms).
- •I.30 Ask each other questions using the above-mentioned terms.
- •This is a computer Prereading Discussion
- •Text 1a Computing & Computers
- •1.2 Read the international words.
- •1.4 Staying their part of speech, translate the groups of words of the same root. Find different ones.
- •1.5 Translate the sentences.
- •1.6 Translate the sentences.
- •1.7 Translate the sentences.
- •1.8 B) match the following underlined phrases with the hints below the line.
- •1.9 Translate the sentences.
- •1.10 Translate the following phrases, mind the attributive groups.
- •1.11 Define the predicate & translate the sentences.
- •1.14 Complete the sentences:
- •Text1b Computer
- •Dialogue1.16 Dramatize the dialogue. Give your opinion about having a computer at home.
- •Vocabulary ratings
- •10-14 Correct: Good 15-17 correct: Excellent 18-20 correct: Exceptional
- •1.17 The statements below were results of the survey comparing boys and girls. Match the beginning with the endings. Girls… Boys…
- •Word Power
- •Text 1Cb) Read & translate the article, render it, & discuss the problem. Computer Studies?
- •1.18 A) find in text 1d underneath the answers to the questions.
- •1.19 Express the main idea of the article above using the following.
- •1.20 Choose the definition to match the given terms.
- •1.21 Match the best term to the given definition.
- •1.24 Fill in the gaps using the words from the box below.
- •1.26 Say if these statements are true or false (correct the false ones).
- •Unit Two
- •Choosing the right meaning
- •Ability n. Способность; умение; 2. Дарования, способности
- •2.2 Translate the words of the same root.
- •2.3 Match the synonyms.
- •2.4 Translate the phrases.
- •2.4 Match the following with the hints below the line.
- •2.7 Translate the following.
- •2.8 Complete the sentences according to the text.
- •Dialogue 2.10 Dramatize the dialogue & make your own ones. Using portable calculators
- •Text 2b Prehistory
- •2.12 A) Translate the following words. B) Give some examples from the dictionary.
- •2.13 Match the antonyms (there may be more then two of them).
- •2.14 A) Match the synonyms (there are more than two of them).
- •2.15 Find the answers to the questions below in text 2c.
- •2.16 Match the beginnings & the endings.
- •2.17 Say if the following statements are true or false. Change the false into the true ones.
- •2.18 Make your own dialogue about the prehistory of mind tools.
- •2.20 Answer the following questions & add your own to make a dialogue according to the text read.
- •2.21 Put in the proper words from the box.
- •2.22 Translate the sentences, mind the underlined words.
- •2.23 Translate into English.
- •How Modern Are You?
- •Add up Your Score and Read the Analysis
- •The Analysis
- •Unit three Computer Generations
- •The evolutionofcomputersinterms ofgenerations.
- •If therewerenocomputerstheyhadtobethoughtout.
- •3.1 Choose the proper term for each definition.
- •3.2 Choose the proper definition for the term, & translate them.
- •3.5 Find antonyms for the following words:
- •3.8 Find Russian equivalents for the given below.
- •3.12 Ask your interlocutors
- •3.13 Match the beginnings with the endings.
- •3.14 Translate the sentences below, mind the underlined words.
- •Dialogue 3.15 Complete the dialogue. Basic units of a computer
- •Dialogue 3.16 Complete the dialogue. Computer generations
- •What does the term the Fifth Generation describe?
- •It describes … .
- •3.17 Define the parts of speech & translate these words.
- •3.18 Translate.
- •3.19 Find Russian equivalents to the following words & phrases.
- •3.20 Translate these sentences.
- •3.21 Translate these sentences, say if the verb to have is: a) notional, b) auxiliary, c) modal, d) a part of a set phrase.
- •3.22 Define the -ed form & translate the sentences.
- •3.26 Translate into English.
- •Computer Systems
- •Handle n. 1. Ручка, рукоять, рукоятка; V.T. 2. Трогать, брать; обращаться, справляться 3. Торговать;
- •Amount n. 1. Сумма; 2. Количество; V.I. 3. Составлять, достигать, быть равным / равносильным; сводиться к;
- •4.3 Put the nouns into the proper column, add their meanings.
- •4.4 Find English equivalents to the following.
- •4.5 Using a dictionary match synonyms (a - b).
- •4.6 Match the following with the hints below the line.
- •4.7 Match each component in column I with its definition.
- •4.7 Complete the table in your exercise books.
- •4.8 Guess or Match the following abbreviations with the phrases and meanings.
- •4.13 Add another word, abbreviation, or part of a word, to complete common 'computer' words and phrases given below.
- •4.14 Complete this text with the words from the box.
- •4.15 Do you remember the English terms for the following?
- •4.16 Make sure you know what these mean in English.
- •4.17 Arrange the following terms around the most general one.
- •4.18 Express the main idea of the article above using the following.
- •4.25 Translate the sentences.
- •4.29 State the function of the infinitive and translate the following.
- •4.31 Translate the following.
Unit Two
Development of Computers
Topics for Essays, Oral or Written Reports
From the abacus to thecomputer.
Computer — a God's gift or a Devil's toy?
If I were the inventor of acomputer ...
Text 2Aanalogue & digital computers
find the answers to the questions below in the text underneath:
Into what two main classes were computing machines at first divided?
What does the essential difference between digital and analogue computers lie in?
Why are digital computers used more widely?
What are digital computers used for?
How many problems can these machines solve at the same time?
What kind of machine may a digital computer be?
Computing machines were at first divided into two main classes: digital and analogue. The essential difference between digital and analogue computers does not lie in the machines themselves, but in the way their signals are interpreted.
An analogue computer is a device that simulates the behaviour of a physical system. The computer variables may, for example, be voltages, currents or shaft rotations.
The digital computer differs from the analogue one in that it handles numbers. The simplest digital computer is the human hand, from which the decimal system was derived. The first digital computer was probably the abacus, which is still used in many countries.
Digital computers are used more widely because of the following advantages over the analogue computers: a) a digital system is capable of greater accuracy than the analogue system and operates more efficiently b) a digital system is more reliable and easier in maintenance than an analogue system.
Digital computers are used for handling problems, which require a great volume of calculations with high speed and accuracy. These machines are characterized by the ability to solve several problems of different types at the same time. A digital computer or a data-processing system may be either a general-purpose or a special-purpose machine. The former is the "big brains" that solves the most difficult problems of science and engineering. The latter does only one job over and over again. It is built for only one purpose and cannot do anything else.
Choosing the right meaning
abacus n. счёты; абака, счёты
variable adj. изменчивый, непостоянный. n. (math.) переменная величина
require v. 1. нуждаться, требовать. 2. требовать, приказывать
voltage n. напряжение, вольтаж
volume n. 1. том. 2. объём. 3. сила (звука)
rotation n. 1. вращение; оборот. 2. чередование
solve v.t. решать, распутывать, разгадывать, находить
current n. 1. струя, поток. 2.(elec.) ток; 3. течение, ход. adj. 1. ходячий, распространённый. 2. текущий
shaft n. 1. древко. 2. стрела; (fig.) выпад. 3. луч; 4. стебель; ствол. 5. стержень; труба. 6. черенок, ручка, рукоятка; топорище. 7. оглобля; дышло. 8. (tech., rod) вал; ось. 9. шахта; ствол шахты.
former n. 1.составитель, создатель, творец. adj. 1. предшествующий 2. первый из (выше)упомянутых
latter adj. последний, второй; the former ... the latter первый... второй/ последний.
purpose n. 1. цель, намерение; 2. целеустремлённость. v.t. (liter.) иметь целью; замышлять