- •Table of contents
- •Introduction
- •Theme 1 communication
- •1. Communication Structure. How do people communicate?
- •2. Objectives of communication
- •3. Communication skills
- •4. Channels of communication
- •5. Barriers to Communication
- •6. Success in communication
- •Please engage brain before opening mouth
- •7. Basic forms of communication
- •Verbal Communication
- •8. Communication spheres of translators
- •Reader Theme 2. Intercultural communication
- •1. Culture of communication
- •2. Intercultural communication
- •3. Translators in Cross-Cultural Communication
- •4. Culture and entertainment
- •Theme 3
- •Verbal communication
- •1. Verbal Communication
- •Verbal languages
- •2. Culture of verbal communication
- •Verbal Etiquette
- •3. Semantic and social nature of language
- •Introductions
- •3. Verbal Activities
- •Theme 4 telephoning
- •Introduction. Nowadays, even with e-mail and the Internet, the telephone is still the most common means of communication in business. Telephone is very important in modern business operations.
- •Words are missed
- •Words are misheard
- •The message is misunderstood.
- •Reader. Theme 5. Non-verbal communication
- •4.1. Introduction
- •4.2. Classification of non-verbal communication
- •4.3. Intercultural differences in non-verbal communication
- •4.4. Visiting another country
- •4.5. Professional skills of translators
- •Theme 6 Applying for a job
- •1. Introduction
- •2. The application itself
- •If possible make a photocopy of the blank form before you start. Use this to make a rough copy and then you can be sure that the final version is laid out as neatly as possible.
- •3. Interview
- •4. Translator in a job interview
- •Information to bring to an interview:
- •5. Cross-cultural interviews
- •6. Job interviews in the usa compared with other cultures
- •Reader. Theme 7
- •Interpersonal communication at work
- •1. Interpersonal Communication
- •2. Interpersonal skills
- •3. Communication climate
- •4. Relations and Processes in Workplace
- •5. People in the Office Environment
- •Reader. Theme 8. Meetings
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Types of meetings
- •3. Meeting procedure
- •Place a watch or clock in a prominent position so you are able to keep an eye on the time.
- •4. Chairing meetings
- •5. Duties of members (attendees, participants) at a meeting
- •6. Teleconferencing
- •7. International meetings
- •8. Business etiquette of the translator
- •8. Vocabulary. Meetings
- •Writing an agenda
- •An example of formal minutes
- •Reader Theme 9. Negotiations
- •1. Introduction
- •2. Types of negotiations
- •3. Stages in negotiation
- •4. Cross-cultural negotiations
- •1. The basis of the relationship
- •2. Information at negotiations
- •3. Negotiation styles
- •5. Grammar of diplomacy in negotiations
- •10 Being open to negotiation. The -ing forms.
- •12. Verbs patterns with recommend / suggest /advise
- •Reader. Unit 10. Presentation
- •1. Public communication
- •2. Presentation
- •Translator and presentation
- •3. From the life of famous orators
- •4. Preparation to presentation
- •5. Delivering a presentation
- •6. Language.
- •6. Public Communication in different cultures
- •7. Presentation language
Reader: Practicum in culture of verbal communication. Karpenko T.E.
Kazakh University of International Relations and World Languages
Translation Faculty
English Department
for 2nd-year students
Field of study: 050207 – translation studies
Almaty 2009
Table of contents
Introduction
Communication
Intercultural communication
Verbal communication
Telephoning
Applying for a job
Interpersonal communication
Meetings
Negotiations
Presentations
Introduction
Dear student!
You are now at university and have chosen your future profession. You think about your future careers and how to be more professional and successful, how to improve your linguistic and communicative competence.
The course “Practicum in Culture of Verbal Communication” is one of significant theoretical and practical importance for students-translators. The subject of this course is the way in which human beings communicate with one another in words and actions. The main purpose of the course is to help students, future translators, in mastering the skills of communication and improving their knowledge of the ways in which communication functions in social and business spheres.
To communicate with others, to convince and to find the compromise, to listen and speak – those are what the life consists of, and the business life especially. It is no matter who are you – the manager of a giant corporation or the translator in an office – you are compelled to have a deal with others, you can’t stand out from the communication. The communication skills are necessary if you wish to succeed in your studies, in business activity or in any other sphere of life. To make a progress in culture of verbal and non-verbal communication means success.
Theme 1 communication
1. Communication Structure. How do people communicate?
Communication is the process of exchanging information between people by several methods. During communication, members of a group share information or express their thoughts and feelings. In a simplistic form, information is transmitted from a sender to a receiver.
The process of communication includes the following basic elements:
The Process of Communication
Sender → Encoding: Message creation → Channel →
Decoding → Receiver→ Feedback → Sender
R eceiver is a person who receives the information sent (destination).
Message is a spoken or written piece of information sent by sender to another person (content).
Feedback is response from a receiver.
Encoding is putting a message or other information into code (in words or other symbols).
Decoding is discovering the meaning of a message written in a code.
Code is a system of symbols giving information (form; language).
Channel is a method of sending or obtaining information (medium).
Language is the main means of human communication.
If, as a manager, I say ‘Come to my office, please’ I am the sender; the message is that I want the person spoken to to come to my office; the system is my voice; the language is spoken English, and the context the office in which it is said. The receiver is the person I am speaking to.
In writing this book, I am the sender; the message is what I believe will help you to communicate more effectively; the system is a complex one involving my hands, my word processor, the publisher, the printer and distributor; the language is written English; the context is the present day world of business; and the receiver is you, the reader.
The basic process of communication begins when a fact is observed or an idea is formulated by one person. That person (the sender) decides to translate the observation into a message, and then transmits the message through some communication medium to another person (the receiver). The receiver then must interpret the message and provide feedback to the sender indicating that the message has been understood and appropriate action taken. Effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the exact information or idea that the sender intended to transmit.
Messages are sent towards a destination. The receiver can be oneself (intrapersonal communication), another person (interpersonal communication) or another entity (cooperation or group).
During the transmitting of the message, two processes will be received by the receiver: content and context. Content is the message expressed in the actual words or symbols, which is known as Language – the spoken and written words combined into phrases that make grammatical and semantic sense. Context is the way the message is delivered; it is known as Paralanguage – it includes the tone of voice, the look in the sender’s eye’s, body language, hand gestures, and state of emotions (fear, uncertainty, confidence, etc.).
Types of communication. Communication can be verbal and non-verbal, spoken and written, interpersonal and intrapersonal (diaries, self-talk), interlingual and intralingual, formal and informal, social and organizational (business), global and intercultural.