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2. Read and translate the text.

3. Answer the following questions:

  1. What is thermit welding?

  2. In what way are the rails usually joined?

  3. What does the higher hardness insure?

  4. What insures the quality of thermit joining?

  5. What role does the aluminium play in thermit welding?

  6. Why is welding highly used in the railroad industry?

  7. What does the higher hardness characterize?

  8. What hardness can the head rail approach?

  9. What can aluminium be used for in thermit welding?

4. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?

  1. Although widely used in the railroad industry, welding is probably one of the least understood pro the balance of manufacture.

  2. The portability, cost-effectiveness and convenience of thermit welding results in its continued extensive use.

  3. Thermit welding is actually as much a casting as it is a weld, and consistency may be difficult to achieve.

  4. Aluminium doesn’t play a key role in thermit welding.

  5. The higher hardness also improves fatigue and deformation resistance and more closely matches the hardness of new head-hardened rails.

5. Fill in the gaps using the following words and word-combinations:

Quality, consistency, thermit weld, a casting, the railroad, a weld, thermit weld, hardness, a casting, hardness.

  1. Although widely used in … industry, welding is probably one of the least understood pro the balance of industry.

  2. Thermit weld is actually as much … as it is … a weld and consistency may be difficult to achieve.

  3. Thermit weld manufacturers have made significant improvements to … … quality and … in recent years.

  4. … charge manufacturers can provide a variety of weld … .

  5. To ensure weld … and … , it is important to control all weld charge alloying elements.

6. Translate into Ukrainian paying attention to the Participles.

  1. Developed as an improved earlier practice of bolting rail joints together, thermit welding produces some closures with impact and fatigue properties.

  2. Thermit weld charge manufactures can provide variety of weld hardness depending on customer needs.

  3. Higher hardness is deemed to be better considering the desire of the railroad producers to have the rail last longer.

  4. Harder welds also stand up better to heavy traffic and help prevent localized rail-head depressions and deformation at the weld.

  5. Aluminium tends to react with oxygen in the steel-liquid castings as if solidifier reducing weld porosity and increasing tensile strength.

7. Write the comparative and superlative forms of the following adjectives and adverbs. Make your own sentences with them.

High, hard, good, long, many, significant, widely, little, early.

8. Complete the following sentences from the text:

  1. Thermit welding produces … .

  2. Thermit weld is actually as much … .

  3. Aluminium plays … .

  4. Welding procedures include … .

9. Make your own dialogues using the following words and word-combinations:

To serve as a deoxidizer, weld charge, to ensure weld quality and consistency, alloying elements, thermit welding, localized rail head depressions and deformations, fatigue and deformation resistance.

10. Retell the text.

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