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1. Learn the following words and word combinations:

circular -круглий

to estimate -оцінювати

Mediterranean -середземноморський

to credit -приписувати

storage batteries -накопичувальні батареи

to originate -походити

bare electrode wire -відкрита електродна проволока

to operate on direct current -працювати на постійному струмі

feed rate -швидкість подачи

sufficient -достатній

tremendous -величезний

2. Read and translate the text.

3. Answer the following questions:

  1. Where can welding trace its historic development to?

  2. What was developed during the middle ages?

  3. What did A. De Meritens use the heat of an arc for?

  4. Who originated resistance welding?

  5. What does the electron beam welding use as a heat source?

  6. Where does the friction welding have its applications?

4. Make the nouns from the verbs.

To estimate, to operate, to originate, to develop, to invent, to credit, to use, to utilize.

5. Are the following statements about the text true or false? Why?

  1. Welding cannot trace its historic development back to ancient times.

  2. During the Middle Ages the art of spot welding was developed.

  3. Edmund Davy is credited with the discovery of the arc welding.

  4. Laser welding is one of the newest processes.

6. Put the verbs in brackets in a proper form.

  1. The earliest examples (to come) from the Bronze Age.

  2. Edmund Davy of England (to credit) with the discovery of acetylene in 1836.

  3. The electro slag welding process (to announce) by the Soviets at Brussels World Fair in 1958.

  4. The electron beam welding process (to develop) in France.

  5. The laser (to develop) at the Bell Telephone Laboratories as a communication device.

7. Complete the following sentences:

  1. ............back to ancient times.

  2. It was not until the 19th century that welding............

  3. Edmund Davy of England is credited with .........

  4. Automatic welding was invented by ...........

  5. ............ which uses a focused beam of electrons as a heat source in a vacuum chamber, was developed in France.

  6. The laser is finding welding applications in .........

8. Combine two sentences in one using the proper linking words(relative pronouns/relative adverbs).

  1. The art of blacksmithing were developed and many items were produced. They were welded by hammering.

  2. The electron beam welding was developed in France. It uses focused beam of electrons as a heat source.

  3. Laser welding provided to be a powerful heat source. The concentration of energy is tremendous.

  4. Friction welding was developed in the Soviet Union. It uses rational speed and upset pressure to provide friction heat.

9. Put the questions to the underlined words.

  1. The earliest examples came from the Bronze Age.

  2. Small gold circular boxes were made by pressure welding lap joints together.

  3. During the Iron Age the Egyptians and people in the eastern Mediterranean area learned to weld pieces of iron together.

  4. The production of an arc between two carbon electrodes using a battery is credited to Sir Humphry Davy in 1800.

  5. The gas shielded metal arc welding (GMAW) process was successfully developed at Battelle Memorial Institute in 1948 under the sponsorship of the Air Reduction Company.

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