64. Correct the mistakes.

1. They are usually starting work at 9 o’clock.

2. Look! That man is having blue hair!

3. Do you study for your exams at the moment?

4. I was being late for work yesterday morning.

5. Dave has planned his holiday since Christmas.

6. Sheila is typing twenty letters so far this morning.

7. The sun has been setting in the west.

8. We were sleeping for an hour when the phone rang.

9. Lydia had been buying a new car last month.

65. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past forms.

When she 1) ..... (be) only fifteen Helen 2) ..... (leave) school without any qualifications. Nevertheless, she 3) ..... (be) very ambitious and 4) ..... (want) to work in the fashion industry. Luckily she 5) ..... (find) a job immediately as an assistant in a small fashion company. While she 6) ..... (work) there she 7) ..... (decide) to go to evening classes to get a qualification in business studies. Once she 8) ..... (successfully / complete) the course she 9) ..... (be / promoted) to the position of assistant manager. After she 10) ..... (do) that job for some years she 11) ..... (want) a change. She 12) ..... (think) of moving to London for some time, so she 13) ..... (apply) for a job which she 14) ..... (see) advertised in a fashion magazine. Helen 15) ..... (get) a job as the manager of a small but prestigious fashion company in central London. She 16) ..... (achieve) her ambition of becoming a successful businesswoman at last.

66. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past forms.

Christopher Columbus 1) ..... (be / born) in Italy in 1451. He 2) ..... (work) as a woollen cloth weaver with his father before he 3) ..... (begin) his nautical career at the age of 22. After several merchant voyages he 4) ..... (settle) in Lisbon, Portugal in 1478. By this time he 5) ..... (teach) himself Portuguese and Latin and 6) ..... (read) many geographical and navigational books. In 1481 he 7) ..... (marry) Felipa Parestrello. They 8) ..... (have) one son, Diego. They 9) ..... (be / married) for two years when his wife 10) ..... (die). At this time he 11) ..... (work) for John II of Portugal. Columbus 12) ..... (always / wish) to sail around the world westward but John II wouldn’t agree. Finally King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain 13) ..... (decide) to finance the voyage. He 14) ..... (set off) for the first time in April 1492. There 15) ..... (be) three ships; the Nina, the Pinta and the Santa Maria and a crew of 90 men. They 16) ..... (have) many false alarms before they finally 17) ..... (spot) the “New World” at 02.00 on Friday the 12^th of October, 1492. Columbus 18) ..... (make) another three voyages after this. He 19) ..... (retire) to Valladolid 12 years after his first voyage and in 1517 he 20) ..... (die) there.

Past forms

PRACTICE TEST № 2

Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past forms.

How I changed my life.

I go to the Gorgeous Body Club four times a week. When I 1) ..... (begin) going there, I 2) ..... (be) in terrible shape. I 3) ..... (not ever go) to a healthy club before, and I 4) ..... (not eat) right for years. On the day I 5) ..... (join) the club, I 6) ..... (be) thirty pounds overweight, and my girlfriend 7) ..... (worry) about my health for a long time.

On the first day of my new exercise program, I 8) ..... (run) a mile, 9) ..... (swim) twenty laps, 10) ..... (take) a half-hour exercise class, and 11) ..... (sweat) in the sauna. I 12) ..... (think) I was going to die! While I 13) ..... (sweat) in the sauna, I 14) ..... (dream) about going home to an enormous sandwich, French fries, a Coke, and a huge hot fudge sundae!

But at that time, nobody 15) ..... (tell) me about the diet program at the health club. I 16) ..... (change) clothes in the locker room and 17) ..... (think) about my hot fudge sundae when my exercise instructor 18) ..... (come) up and 19) ..... (tell) me that the diet class 20) ..... (just begin) and that I 21) ..... (be) five minutes late. “Diet class?” I 22) ..... (say), horrified. I 23) ..... (tell) him that nobody 24) ..... (mention) such a thing to me.

Well, I somewhat reluctantly 25) ..... (go) over to the diet class. When I 26) ..... (walk) in, a terribly thin young woman 27) ..... (give) a lecture on all the foods we shouldn’t eat. She 28) ..... (point) to a list of forbidden foods which she 29) ..... (put) on the blackboard. All my hopes 30) ..... (sink) when I 31) ..... (see) all my favourite foods on the list. Then the young woman 32) ..... (say) that she 33) ..... (come) to Gorgeous Body for two years and 34) ..... (teach) the diet class for six months. She 35) ..... (tell) us she 36) ..... (weigh) 197 pounds when she 37) ..... (start) the program. Of course that 38) ..... (be) very inspiring! Everyone in the class 39) ..... (swear) to come to class regularly and to keep the strict diet.

This 40) ..... (be) all a year ago. One day at lunchtime last week, as I 41) ..... (eat) my spinach salad, I 42) ..... (think) about how my life 43) ..... (change) and how wonderful I 44) ..... (become). I 45) ..... (not eat) a single French fry since I started my diet. I 46) ..... (exercise) two hours a day for the past year. And for several weeks I 47) ..... (think) of entering the Mr. America Contest. I 48) ..... (try) many times to persuade my girlfriend to join the health club and become as healthy and as perfect as I was. However, as I 49) ..... (drink) my nonfat milk, I sadly 50) ..... (remember) that she 51) ..... (recently leave) me. She said that I 52) ..... (become) a new person but that she 53) ..... (prefer) the old me to the thin, vain one. She said it seemed that I 54) ..... (trade in) a pleasant personality for a Mr. America body, and she didn’t think it was a good trade.

FUTURE FORMS

Future simple	Be going to	Future Continuous		Future Perfect
decisions taken at the moment of speaking (on-the-spot decisions) I’m hungry. I’ll cook something to eat.	actions intended to be performed in the near future I’m going to join a gym on Saturday.	actions in progress at a stated future time This time next year she’ll be running her own business.		actions finished before a stated future time They will have emigrated to Canada by Christmas.
hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, predictions, requests, comments etc, esp. with: expect, hope, believe, I’m sure, I’m afraid, probably etc I promise I’ll be on time.	planned actions or intentions Now that she’s passed her exams she’s going to train to be a solicitor.	actions which are the result of a routine (instead of the Present Continuous) I’ll be playing tennis on Sunday. (I play tennis every Sunday – it’s part of my routine.)		Note: by or not … until/till are used with Future Perfect. Until/till are normally used with Future Perfect only in negative sentences. He will have completed his studies by the end of the year. He won’t have arrived until tonight.
actions or predictions which may (not) happen in the future He’ll probably pass his driving test. or actions which we cannot control and will inevitably happen Summer will be here soon.	evidence that something will definitely happen in the near future Those dark clouds mean it’s going to rain soon. It’s so hot – I’m going to faint.	when we ask politely about people’s arrangements to see if they can do sth for us or because we want to offer to do sth for them Will you be going shopping at the supermarket today? Can you buy me some milk?		Future Perfect Continuous
				duration of an action up to a certain time in the future By his sixtieth birthday he will have been teaching for 35 years.
things we are not yet sure about or we haven’t decided to do yet Perhaps I’ll move house.	things we are sure about or we have already decided to do in the near future. They are going to operate on his leg. (It has been decided.)	Present Simple ( with future meaning)		Present Continuous (with future meaning)
		timetables / programmes The play begins at 7 o’clock this evening.		fixed arrangements in the near future She’s meeting her aunt this weekend.
SHALL IS USED:			WILL IS USED:
with I/we in questions, suggestions, offers or when asking for advice. Shall we go home now? What shall I wear?			to express offers, threats, promises, predictions, warnings, requests, hopes, fears, on-the-spot decisions, comments (mainly with: think, expect, believe, I’m sure, hope, know, suppose and probably). I hope you will keep in touch with me.

TIME EXPRESSIONS USED WITH:

Future Simple & Be going to	Future Perfect	Future Perfect Continuous
tomorrow, tonight, next week / month, in two / three etc days, the day after tomorrow, soon, in a week / month etc	before, by, by then, by the time, (until is used only in negative sentences with this tense)	by …for