10

Ministry of health of Ukraine

Higher state educational establishment of Ukraine

«Ukrainian medical stomatological academy«

«It is ratified«

on meeting of department

propedeutics of orthopaedic stomatology

Manager by a department

д.м.н., an associate professor is Korol D.М.

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METHODICAL RECOMMENDATIONS

FOR TEACHERS

Educational discipline	Orthopaedic stomatology
Module №1	Prosthetics by the unremovable constructions of dentures
Rich in content module №2	Clinical biomechanics of masticatory vehicle of man
Theme of employment	Disharmony of occlusion of Biomechanics of зубочелюстного апарата,
Course	ІІI
Faculty	Stomatological

Poltava 2012

1. Concrete aims:

• to interpret conformities to law of vertical motions of bottom jaw, function of muscles, change in ВНЧС;

• to interpret the laws of трансверзальном motions of bottom jaw;

• to interpret the laws of sagittal motions of bottom jaw;;

• трактувати закони Bonvіlya;

• to explain factors, providing stability of dental rows;

• аналізувати функцію жування.

• to analyse the state of elements of joint and correlation of dental rows at sagittal motions of bottom jaw;

• To analyse the state of elements of joint and correlation of dental rows at трансверзальном motions of bottom jaw

• to analyse the state of elements of joint and correlation of dental rows at vertical motions of bottom jaw;

• to explain the function of muscles at motions of bottom jaw.

2. Base level of preparation :

The name of previous is disciplines	Got skills
1. Anatomy	To own knowledge about the structure of dental-maxilla vehicle. To give description of dental rows and teeth, masseters, joints, to define muscles, providing the function of dental-maxilla vehicle
2. Physiology	To own knowledge about the state of relative physiological rest. To define tone of masticatory musculature
3. Histology	To own knowledge about fabrics, formative ЗЧА, their integration. To define the features of fabrics of ЗЧА in ontogenesis

3. Organization of maintenance of educational material.

Biomechanics is the division of biophysics, that in stomatology studies the displays of mechanical force of reduction of muscles and reaction of teeth and paradontium on this force. Biomechanics of mastication examines a kinematics description of mobility of teeth in a small hole, location of food lump in one area and on all masticatory surface, and also mutual relations of separate elements of chewing vehicle (temporo mandibular joint, jaw bones, teeth, paradontium, muscles settings a bottom jaw in motion, mimic muscles participating in the act of mastication).

In order that to obtain stable in physiological and functional relations of occlusion, it is necessary to use basic conformities to law of biomechanics.At mastication takes place muscular reductions, in this connection there are forces on the masticatory surfaces of teeth, on direction of which stability of teeth depends. Moderate tension of cyst stimulates a division and activity of cages and due to it updating and height of not only bone but also soft fabrics.

At mastication a paradontium perceives loading which makes part of his physiological endurance. Reserve forces of paradontium and his compensatory-adaptive reactions have an important value, especially from the side of bone fabric, periosteum, periodont, cement and vascular system. Transmission of masticatory efforts on a paradontium, possible directly at the contacts of dental rows and it is mediated through food. In first case it takes place out-of-phase occlusion at mastication and swallowing. In second case at mastication between dental rows there is a food lump. At the compression of jaws on him forces developing a masticatory musculature operate from the side of teeth. In both cases on the tops of tubercles of teeth, slopes of mountains and fissures operates masticatory loading. Thus, occlusions on the surface of dental rows is the first stage of transmission of masticatory efforts on a paradontium.

According to the laws of mechanics from the side of food forces equal on a size operate on teeth, but opposite to direction. What harder food, the greater effort is required from a masticatory musculature and, consequently, the anymore the size of force of loading will operate on teeth and paradontium. The masticatory loading transferrable through teeth on a cyst is a mechanical irritant, on which a biological reaction is from the side of tooth-jaw vehicle of biological object.

Especially unfavorable for stability of teeth and dental rows is an action of sloping forces of the masticatory loading. Thus tension in paradontium increase in 10-20 times as compared to to the vertical or horizontal loading.

For the rational going near therapy of defects of hard fabrics of teeth, dental rows, complete absence of teeth, orthodontic treatment it is necessary to become familiar with some biomechanics processes what be going on in bone fabric at affecting of forces occlusal surfaces of teeth, as here from the side of paradontium and other organs and systems of organism there are biological reactions or biological consequences. Under act of masticatory forces, in the walls of teethridges and spongy substance of bone there are resilient deformations, defiant for them normal and tangent tensions of compression and tension, depending on the parameters of force, angle of slope of tooth, presence of pin points et cetera, i.e. factors, providing stability of teeth and dental rows.