History of Information Technology
Year |
Event |
Significance |
1836 |
Telegraph |
The telegraph revolutionized human (tele)communications with Morse code, a series of dots and dashes used to communicate between humans. |
1858- 1866 |
Transatlantic cable |
Transatlantic cable allowed direct instantaneous (мгновенный) communication across the Atlantic Ocean. |
1876 |
Telephone |
The telephone created voice communication, and telephone exchanges provide the backbone (основу) of Internet connections today. |
1957 |
USSR launches Sputnik |
Sputnik was the first artificial earth satellite and the start of global communications. |
1962- 1968 |
Packet switching networks (сеть с коммутацией пакетов) developed |
The Internet relies on packet switching networks, which split data into tiny packets that may take different routes to a destination |
1971 |
Beginning of the Internet |
People communicate over the Internet with a program to send messages across a distributed network. |
1973 |
Global networking becomes a reality |
Ethernet («эфирная сеть», этернет) outlined (наметился в общих чертах) – this is how local networks are basically connected today, and gateways (сетевые шлюзы) define how large networks (maybe of different architecture) can be connected together. |
1991 |
World Wide Web established (всемирная компьютерная сеть; паутина) |
User-friendly interface to World Wide Web established with text-based, menu-driven interface to access Internet resources. |
1992 |
Multimedia changes the face of the Internet |
The term “surfing the Internet” is coined. (путешествие, перемещение по Интернету) |
1993 |
World Wide Web revolution begins |
Mosaic, user-friendly Graphical Front End (входной интерфейс) to the World Wide Web, makes the Internet more accessible and evolves into Netscape (браузер «Нетскейп»). |
1995 |
Internet service providers advance |
Online dial-up (сетевые телефонные подключения) systems (CompuServe, America Online, Prodigy) begin to provide Internet access. |
2000 |
Broadband (широкополосная связь) connections to the Internet emerge (появляется) |
Provides fast access to multimedia and large text files. |
2002 |
Advances in wireless |
Mobile phones, handheld computers, and personal data assistants provide wireless access to the Internet. |
2004 |
Wireless technology expands (расширяется) |
Use of radio waves to send e-mail, Web pages, and other information through the air (Wi-Fi) |
2006 |
Wireless expands globally |
Worldwide expansion of smart phones and Wi-Fi in developing countries. |