Министерство образования Российской Федерации

ОРЕНБУРГСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ

Кафедра иностранных языков инженерно-технических специальностей

Г.В.Терехова

МОСКВА

Методические указания по английскому языку для студентов 1 курса всех специальностей

Рекомендовано к изданию Редакционно-издательским Советом Оренбургского государственного университета

Оренбург 2001

ББК 81.2 Англ я 7

Т 35

УДК 802.0=(07)

Рецензент

Кандидат филологических наук, доцент Сахарова Н.С.

Терехова Г.В.

Т Москва: Методические указания. - Оренбург: ОГУ, 2001.-23c.

Методические указания представляют собой подборку текстов по истории, развитию и достопримечательностям Москвы и систему упражнений к ним. Они рассчитаны на студентов всех специальностей 1 курса. Работа предназначена для развития навыков чтения, перевода и говорения.

ББК 81.2 Англ я 7

Т-------------

6Л9 – 01

 Терехова Г.В., 2001

• ОГУ, 2001

Содержание

Введение…………………………………………………………………………….4

1 Section I……………………………………………………………………………5

2 Section II..…….……………………………………………………………………7

3 Section III..…………………………………………………………………………9

4 Section IV…………..……………………………………………………………..12

5 Section V………………………………………………………………………….13

6 Section VI…………………………………………………………………………15

Список использованных источников..……………………………………………23

Введение

Данные методические указания предназначены для студентов 1 курса всех специальностей. Цель этой работы – расширение лексического запаса студентов, закрепление навыков чтения, перевода и говорения по теме «Москва».

Работа состоит из текстов по истории строительства и реконструкции Москвы, современному облику столицы, её достопримечательностям, связанным с именами известных людей. Тексты 1 и 2 разделов предназначены для пересказа, их можно дополнить фактами из текста 3 раздела. Разделы 4 и 5 даны для расширения лексического запаса студентов. Тексты 6 раздела можно использовать для внеаудиторного чтения.

К текстам даны упражнения, позволяющие запомнить лексику текста и использовать её при пересказе.

1 Section I

1.1 Text “ The face and spirit of Moscow”. Read the text and answer the questions before it

Why do so many people believe Moscow to be unique?

Why does Moscow have a concentric-radial structure?

What can the names of Moscow streets tell us?

Why were there so many monasteries at the outskirts of Moscow?

For centuries Moscow has been the traditional heart of Russia culture, the holy city of Russian Orthodoxy. Moscow has always puzzled and delighted its guests with the symphony of onion domes, a pleasant confusion of narrow twisting streets, the city-village character of its centre and an unconquerable spirit. Unlike many other cites it managed to preserve a typically Russian image. This is an unpredictable city, full of surprises. Walking along a modern streets you turn round the corner and find yourself face with a medieval church or a quaint wooden house that witnessed so many outstanding events of Moscow’s glorious history and hosted so many famous people.

The historical past of Moscow is reflected not only in its monuments, but in the structure of the city. Traditionally it grew in concentric circles of battlements surrounding its core-the Kremlin. But there were three more protecting walls with towers besides the Kremlin. The remnants of the famous Kitay-Gorod wall can still be seen near the namesake metro station. The one around the White-Gorod is repeated in the semi-circle of the Bulvar Ring and our present day Garden Ring replaced the last battlement-Zemlyanoy Gorod. Radial lines of streets cross these lines in places where the fortified passgates used to be. Thus the names – the Square of Nickitsky Gates, Yauzsky Gates, etc.

The names of Moscow streets and squares immortalise the most memorable pages of our history. Ordynka, Donskaya, Oslyabinskaya streets remind us of the liberation fight against the Tatar –Mongolian yoke for independence of Rus. Dmitrovskoye highway, Smolenskaya and Serpukhovskaya streets are named so after ancient Russian towns closely related to Moscow politically and by trade in times of consolidation of Rus.

In medieval times different craftsmen used to settle together. Can you guess who lived in the region of Taganskaya square, Kozhevnikovsky street, Goncharny and Kotelnychesky embankments, Plotnykov, Hlebny, Kalashny and Skornyazhny pereulok ( alley )? The epoch of Peter the Great is presented in such names as Lefortovsky, Semyonovsky, Preobrazhensky val.

Moscow was the city of many monasteries. They were not only the places where monks lived and prayed, but served mainly as forts protecting the outskirts of the city from enemy attacks. Monks in those times easily turned into warriors and often won undying glory. Many monasteries, churches and city landscapes could not survive in the course of centuries, but their names still warm our hearts and add to the charm of Moscow : Plushina, Kuznetsky Most, Volkhonka, Razgulyay, Nickolskaya, etc.

We remember nothing about the house owner Lavrushina, but the street named after her will always be associated with Pavel Tretyakov and his gallery, Prishvin and other writers who lived there and signed their works “ written in Lavrushensky pereulok “.

Old names get new meanings and it proves that Moscow is a living and breathing city that can tell you endless stories and legends from its past. But it reveals its face and discloses its secrets only to those who are interested. Rushing passers –by will see nothing. They will never know why small houses neighbour brightly painted churches and imposing palaces, why we treasure a centennial oak in Tverskoy Bulvar (it saw Pushkin and Gogol ), why are our bards compare Muscovites with musicians who touch the strings of Moscow streets and produce cords- sometimes lyrical, sometimes pathetic.