Информационная программа №7. Герундий

Герундий – это неличная форма глагола, совмещающая в себе свойства глагола и существительного и дающая отвлечённое понятие о действии, не указывая на лицо, число и наклонение.

Видовременные формы герундия

Table 2

Действительный залог		Страдательный залог
Indefinite	asking (V-ing)	being asked (being + V3)
Perfect	having asked (having+V3)	having been asked (having been + V3)

Способы перевода герундия на русский язык

Table 3

Примеры	Перевод
On being told the news he sent a telegram. He waited for them without thinking of time.	Узнав о новости, … …, не думая о ...
Learning rules without examples is useless.	Заучивать...
He began learning Russian.	... учить ...
We always enjoy traveling. I never thought of being offered this job.	... путешествовать / путе­шествие ... о том, что мне предложат ...

Герундий в функции обстоятельства употребляется с предлогами

in, on, upon, after, with(out), by.

Предлог in означает процесс в его развернутости

In making such experiments...

Производя опты …

Предлог on - завершённость процесса.

On making the experiment...

Закончив эксперимент …

Ex. I. Read and translate

1. No changes can be made in that branch of industry without introducing the most up-to-date technology.

2. There is no hope of our getting a complete analysis of the measurements within 10 days.

3. Before going further it is desirable to outline some of the basic features of control system.

4. Upon breaking the magnet into still shorter pieces we still get complete magnets.

5. Breaking the circuit causes sparking.

6. We were informed of their having adopted this plan because of its being the most efficient.

7. Being highly accurate the meter is of great importance for getting the necessary data.

8. In considering power in electrical circuit one should remember of all electrical devices having resistance.

Ex. II. Define the function of the “-ing” forms and translate the sentences

1. On melting a solid body a change of state takes place.

2. The new equipment must go through a number of tests after its being completed.

3. Turbines drive about 95% of all generators producing electrical power.

4. After reaching the boiling point the water temperature cannot be increased in spite of our adding more heat.

5. Being highly accurate the meter is of great importance for getting the necessary data.

6. The “active medium” of the material responsible for transferring energy is the free electron.

7. Faraday’s discovery being very important, every application of electricity in modern life depends upon it.

8. There are many kinds of vacuum tubes now in use, the simplest being the diode.

9. Being tested this device showed the desired results.

10. A certain amount of work is necessary for moving an electron in a metal from the Fermi level to “infinity”.