- •Vocabulary
- •1. Read text 1 and choose (a), (b) or (c) to answer the questions or complete the statements.
- •2. Read the text again. For each statement 1 to 5 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
- •3. Find modal verb forms or their equivalents and translate the sentences into Russian.
- •4. Complete the sentences with can, could, may, must or have to.
- •5. Complete the sentences with appropriate word from the brackets.
- •6. Complete the sentences with the passive modal verb forms.
- •Text 2 The Branches of Government
- •Vocabulary
- •8. Read text 2. For each statement 1 to 10 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
- •9. Read the text again. Match the functions with the right branch of power.
- •10. Rewrite the sentences, changing the active to the passive and adding by where necessary. Make any other necessary changes.
- •11. Complete the sentences with appropriate forms of the verbs in brackets (present or past simple active or passive, participle I or II).
- •12. Use the comparative or superlative forms of the adjectives in brackets where necessary.
- •Vocabulary Practice
- •13. Match the legal terms with their definitions.
- •14. In each line find the verb that does not go with the noun.
- •15. Match the adjectives 1 to 10 to the nouns that they go with. Make up 5 sentences with any of the collocations.
- •16. Give synonyms. Make up 7 sentences with any of them.
- •18. Translate the chains of words into Russian. Complete the sentences with appropriate words from each chain.
- •19. Choose a, b, c or d to complete the sentences.
- •20. Complete the following text with suitable words or phrases from the
- •21. Look again at Texts 1 and 2 and answer the questions.
- •22. Use Texts 1 and 2 to define the following terms.
- •23. Translate into English.
- •24. Speak on one of the following topics.
- •25. Discuss in groups.
2. Read the text again. For each statement 1 to 5 below choose a) right, b) wrong or c) doesn’t say. Correct the false statements.
Aristotle believed that each form of government could be bad or good.
Aristotle had a positive opinion of democracy.
Elected leaders should take into account1 the economic and social needs of the people.
Absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy are both autocratic.
The term totalitarianism came into use in the 1920's and 1930's to describe the regimes of Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany.
Grammar Review
3. Find modal verb forms or their equivalents and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Governments can set educational requirements. 2. Under freedom of speech people may criticize their governments without fear of persecution. 3. Governments decide how much a person must pay in taxes. 4. To become a lawyer, a person has to complete a two or three-year university program at a law school and pass a professional examination. 5. Aristotle believed that government by the masses could lead to disorder or lawlessness. 6. A good law has to provide for all kinds of possibilities. 7. In Britain young people may marry at 16 if they have their parents’ permission. 8. According to the regulations the police officers are to wear a special uniform. 9. The House of Lords can only delay the passage of a bill but cannot reject it. 10. The sentence of the judge must be lawful and just. 11. The bill had to be amended because it was widely criticized in the press.
4. Complete the sentences with can, could, may, must or have to.
1. My friend … speak three foreign languages. 2. How … I get to the center of London? 3. If convicted2, an accused3 person … appeal to the higher court. 4. Any country … follow some rules in international trade. 5. Constitution defines what a government … do and how it … do it. 6. The Queen … sign a bill which has passed through both Houses of Parliament to make it law. 7. When I was a student I … sleep only two hours at night to prepare for the exam. 8. In many schools pupils … (not) wear a uniform now. 9. Something … be done to stop the criminal. 10. Even at present computers … (not) translate from one foreign language into another without mistakes.
5. Complete the sentences with appropriate word from the brackets.
1. There are about 30,000 lay magistrates1, who (must/may) be trained in court procedures and be aware of the rules of evidence. 2. Democracy (must/may) take one of two basic forms: direct democracy or representative democracy. 3. No individual (can/must) be completely free to do absolutely anything he or she wants. 4. If you want to make a will, you (should /ought to) consult a solicitor. 5. In Britain you (are allowed to/have to) drive a car when you are seventeen. 6. In the late 1940s, the Japanese government (could/can) maintain only a very low level of living for the most part of population. 7. You (don’t have to/mustn’t) cross the street when the red light is on. 8. The students (can’t/ mustn’t) investigate criminal cases now. They (will be able to/could) do it by the end of the final course. 9. If a young person is found guilty2, the court (may/should) transfer the case to a youth court for sentence. 10. Parents (ought to/may) take care of their small children. 11. In a democracy, citizens (may/must) vote freely by secret ballot3. 12. The court hearing (was to/had to) start at 10 a.m. 13. When he was at the university he (had to/must/should) pay for the tuition.