Будущее завершенное время

(THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE)

Утвердительная форма	Вопросительная форма	Отрицательная форма
I shall have We finished H e She will It have You finished They	I Shall have we finished? he she Will it have you finished? they	I shall not have We finished H e She will not It have You finished They
Типичные обстоятельства: already, before, after; предлог by

They will have built the house by the end of this year. – Они построят дом к концу этого года.

Will they have built the house by the end of this year?

They will not have built the house by the end of this year.

Ex.1. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Will you have come home by 5 o’clock? 2. We shall have erected this dam by 2002. 3. In three years’ time I shall have taken my degree. 4. John will not have signed the contract before we come. 5. Will you have repaired the watch by Friday? 6. John will have examined the car well before he buys it.

Ex.2. Поставьте предложения в вопросительную и отрицательную форму.

1. She will have cooked dinner by the time you come. 2. The teacher will have looked through all our exercise-books by the end of the week. 3. The film will already have started when we get there. 4. I shall have read the book by next Monday. 5. My parents will have gone to bed when we come back from the theatre. 6. The students will have passed their exams by July. 7. We shall have finished our work by the time the bell rings.

Ex.3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя Future Perfect.

1. By next winter he (to sell) all his things. 2. He (to leave) when you arrive. 3. By next month he (to write) his fourth play. 4. We (to solve) this difficult problem by the end of the week. 5. The wind (to drop) by then. 6. When the sun sets I (to read) this book. 7. If you come at nine they (to have) dinner. 8. If you ring me up after nine o’clock, I (to speak) to the doctor. 9. We (to travel) twenty miles more before we cross the frontier. 10. Next year we (to be) together for ten years.

Ex.4. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Indefinite, Future Perfect, Present Indefinite, Present Perfect.

1. Mother (to write) a letter to her tomorrow. 2. I (to read) the book by the end of the week; you may have it then. 3. By the end of the term we (to learn) about one hundred new words. 4. If you ring me up after five I (to speak) to the director. 5. I (to go) to the sports ground as soon as I (to finish) this exercise. 6. We (to go) to the theatre or a concert if we (to pass) our examinations successfully. 7. You (to do) a lot of your work by the end of this month. 8. In a year’s time he (to take) to some more serious sort of job. 9. I (to go) away as soon as I (to speak) to him. 10. By the end of this month I (to finish) reading “The Picture of Dorian Grey”, and I (to begin) to read “Jane Eyre”. 11. If you do not make a note of it, you (to forget) it by tomorrow. 12. By this time next year I (to leave) school and (to be) in Moscow. 13. I (to get) through the greater part of the work when you come.

Ex.5. Объясните употребление времен группы Perfect, переведите.

1. This is a very good book, I have just read it with pleasure. 2. He has been absent this week. He has been ill. 3. I haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been all this time? We haven’t heard about her since 1989. 5. By the beginning of the lecture the laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams. 6. Before we came to the next lecture we had studied the material of the first one. 7. Have you finished your diploma work yet? No, I shall have finished it by the end of June. 8. They will not have passed their exams by the time you return.

Ex.6. Выберите правильную форму сказуемого.

1. He (has graduated, graduated) from MSTU named after Bauman this year. He (graduated, will have graduated) from MSTU named after Bauman in 6 years. 2. She (saw, has seen) us in the morning yesterday. She (saw, has seen) us this morning. 3. I (have met, met) him last year. I never (had met, have met) him before. 4. Our group (will do, will have done) a lab work tomorrow. 5. The press (discussed, has discussed) much lately.

Ex.7. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Что вы сделали сегодня? – Я напечатала много писем. 2. Я вспомнил, что не выключил телевизор. 3. Он еще не ответил на наше письмо. 4. Они никогда об этом не говорили, не правда ли? 5. Когда я приехал к нему в гостиницу, мы позвонили нашим партнерам и назначили с ними встречу to appoint the meeting). 6. К концу недели мы закончим перевод этой статьи. 7. Ты принес мою книгу? – Нет, извини, я оставил ее дома. 8. Том сделает фотографии к пяти часам завтра. 9. Они поняли, что жизнь очень изменилась. 10. Я прочитаю книгу к следующему понедельнику. 11. Мы купили новый телевизор в этом году. 12. Они думали, что она еще не пришла. 13. Вы были в Австралии? 14. Он пошел спать после того, как прочитал газету. 15. Он вернется домой к 15 августа.

FUTURE IN THE PAST TENSE

Future in the Past употребляется в придаточном дополнительном предложении, если главное предложение стоит в прошедшем времени.

Ex.1. Переведите на русский язык.

1. Yesterday he told us he would explain everything. 2. Tom promised me last night he wouldn’t drink anything. 3. I thought I would find this rule in the text-book. 4. It was decided they would send their report at the end of the week.

Ex.2. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future in the Past.

1. It seemed that there (to be) no end of questions. 2. They proposed we all (to come) back to get his money. 3. We knew he (to come) back to get his money. 4. I couldn’t remember who (to be) the first to call. 5. He told me he (to return) your book tomorrow. 6. I asked when he (to try) to work better.

Ex.3. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы вFuture Indefinite или Future in the Past.

1. She think they (to come) in time. 2. She thought they (to come) in time. 3. I wonder who (to do) this work. 4. I wondered who (to do) that work. 5. “When you ring up to your brother?” 6. She asked me when I (to ring) up to my brother.

Ex.4. Переведите на английский язык.

1. Я думаю, что выучу эти слова к завтрашнему дню. 2. Я думала, что выучу эти слова к завтрашнему дню. 3. Я знала, что он уйдет на работу к 10 часам. 4. Я знаю, что он уйдет на работу к 10 часам. 5. Он боялся, что я не сдержу своего обещания. 6. Он понял, что она расскажет все.

Повторительно-обобщающие упражнения

Ex.1. Прочитайте и объясните употребление времен.

At the Institute

Vera: Hello, Mike! What are you doing here?

Mike: Hello, Vera! I am reading for my mathematics exam.

V.: But your group has passed it already, hasn’t it?

M.: Yes, it has, but I was absent at this time. So I’ll take this exam tomorrow.

V.: Is it difficult for you to take this exam?

M.: No, it is not. I have finished a specialized mathematical school where mathematics was studied more thoroughly (тщательно) than at other schools. Besides, I have taken part in a mathematics contest of our city.

V.: Really? Have you? When was it?

M.: It was last year.

V.: Were you the first at this contest?

M.: No, I was the second. The first one was the boy from one of Novosibirsk mathematical schools.

V.: Have you ever been to Novosibirsk?

M.: Yes, I have been there this year with a group of students of our faculty.

V.: What have you seen there?

M.: Oh, I have seen a lot. But now I have no time to tell you about it. Well, Vera, what are you doing here? Are you reading for your exams too?

V.: No, I am not. I’ve passed all my exams with good marks this term and so my holidays have already started. I’m waiting for my friend here. Good luck, Mike.

Ex.2. Раскройте скобки, ставя глаголы в соответствующем времени.

1. By the end of summer the greater part of our task (to be completed). 2. At nine o’clock he still (to do) his translation. 3. After she (to speak) to the policeman she knew where she was. 4. Look! I believe it is Mrs. Stern who (to cross) the street. 5. She (to have) dinner here if she comes tomorrow. 6. “What’s the matter?” – “Someone (to scribble) in my book!” 7. Is it the same lady I (to see) you with yesterday? 8. I not (to see) such a lovely view in my life!

Ex.3. Вставьте глагол to write в нужной форме.

1. We often … letters to our parents.

2. What … you … now?

3. Yesterday they … tests from 10 till 12 o’clock.

4. Who … this letter?

5. I … some letters last week.

6. What … you … tomorrow at 10?

7. When I came to her, she … a letter.

8. … you … letters tomorrow?

9. I … not … this letter now, I … it in some days.

10. … he … his home task now?

11. What … she … in the evening yesterday?

12. As a rule, he … tests well.

Ex.4. Раскройте скобки, ставя глаголы в соответствующем времени.

1. Hello! I (to try) to telephone you all week. Where you (to be)? 2. When you (to see) him again you (to be struck) by the way his health (to improve) since he (to go) to Switzerland. 3. It’s time we (to go). If we not (to leave) now, we (to miss) the last train. 4. I never (to see) snow. I hope to see it when winter (to come). 5. He (to play) the piano when our guests arrived last night. 6. Did you post your letter after you (to write) it? 7. He (to finish) this work before you leave. 8. I am afraid he (not to pass) his examination. 9. He (to come) back sooner than you think. 10. This is the same dress that I (to wear) a year ago. 11. Look! The airplane (to fall)! 12. Two friends (to travel) on the road together when they met a bear.

Ex.5. Раскройте скобки, ставя глаголы в соответствующем времени.

1. What your brother (to do)? – He (to work) at an institute. – And what he (to do) now? – He (to read) a newspaper. I always (to bring) him newspapers when he (to come) from work. 2. What you (to do) at eight o’clock in the evening tomorrow? – Tomorrow by eight o’clock I (to finish) all my homework and at eight I (to play) the piano. 3. They (to read) Dickens in English and know a lot of his works. 4. When Tom came out of the house, all the children (to play) football, and Bill and John (to count) round stones they (to bring) from the river. 5. She was surprised: she never (to see) so many flowers. 6. When he came home, we already (to go) to the cinema. 7. Well, you (to pack) your things at last? 8. Where is Julia? – She (to be) in the library, she (to prepare) her report. 9. I (not to have) breakfast today. 10. I suddenly remembered that I (to eat) nothing since morning..

TEST YOURSELF (3)

1. I visited … France last year.

a) -; b) the; c) a

2. I … a letter at that time yesterday.

a) were writing; b) was writing; c) wrote

3. They … their work by five o’clock today.

a) have finished; b) shall finish; c) were finishing

4. Mary … in the kitchen now.

a) are cooking; b) is cooking; c) was cooking

5. Why … so loudly?

a) you are speaking; b) are speaking you; c) are you speaking

6. He met her at … Orly Airport.

a) the; b) -; c) a

7. This is … deepest lake in … world.

a) a; b)the; c) –

8. We said we … TV all day long.

a) would not watch; b) shan’t watch; c) will not watch

9. When the phone rang, they … dinner.

a) was having; b) had; c) were having

10. When he was in … London he stayed at … Smiths.

a) the; b) -; c) a

11. I … the work by 8 o’clock tomorrow.

a) shall have done; b) shall do; c) shall have do

12. Jane …just … the letter to her parents.

a) have …written; b) has…written; c) had…written

13. At 10 o’clock he … still … the book.

a) had …been reading; b) have …been reading; c) has …been reading

14. I see that my friend … a lie now.

a) are telling; b) is telling; c) was telling

15. This year … summer was cold.

a) the; b) -; c) a