Тема 1 Життя в цифровому світі - part 3

1 Прочитайте текст, перекладіть його (усно), напишіть власний твір на тему `Комп’ютери в нашому житті: позитивні та негативні сторони.` (письмово)

LIVING WITH COMPUTERS

Computers: friend…

People who have grown up with PCs and Microchips are often called the digital generation. This is how some people answered when questioned about the use of computers in their lives: `I use an interactive whiteboard, like a large touchscreen monitor, at school. I find computers very useful in education.`

`Assistive technology, for people with disabilities, has helped me a lot. I can hardly see, so I use a screen reader, a program that reads aloud onscreen text, menus and icons. `

`I have a CPS, Global Positioning System, fitted in my car. With this navigation system I never get lost. And the DVD recorder is perfect for my children’s entertainment.

`This new HWD, head-mounted display, allows me to watch films, and enjoy virtual reality, the artificial environment of the latest video games. `

`The upgraded wireless network at my university is great: we can connect our laptops, Wi-Fi cell phones to the network anywhere in the campus. Communication is becoming easier and easier. `

` I use computers to do the usual office things like write letters and faxes, but what I find really useful is email. We are an international company and I send emails to our offices all over the world. `

` We use PCs to produce all sorts of texts in digital format. We publish e-books and interactive e-learning programs on CD, and we help a local company to design an online newspaper, displayed on the Web. `

` We use financial software to make calculations and then generate graphs or charts. We also use a database to store information so that it can be easily searched. `

`I like to retouch photos on my computer; I improve them by making a few touches and then save them on a CD. I also enjoy looking at music portals on the Web. I surf the Web every day and I often download and copy music files from the Net to my PC.`

… or foe?

Our society has developed technological dependence. When computers are down, our way of life breaks down: planes stop flying, telephones don't work, banks have to close. Computers produce electronic waste, plastic cases and microchips that are not biodegradable and have to be recycled or just thrown away.

They are responsible for health problems, e.g. computer addiction, an inappropriate and excessive use of computers. Cybercrime, crime committed with the help of computers, is creating serious problems. Citizens may feel a loss of privacy because of unauthorized use of personal data or receiving unwanted electronic messages.

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COMPUTER USERS (part 3)

Not all computer systems are compatible i.e. they cannot use the same programs and data. Connecting computers together to form a network can provide the 'connectivity' required to enable computers and software to communicate and to share resources. The connection of networks throughout the world is known as the Internet. Various communication services are available on the Internet, including email for sending and receiving text messages and IRC (Internet Relay Chat) which allows users to communicate using text messages in real-time i.e. without any delay, while the users are logged on (connected to a network system account, normally using a password) to the system. An Internet service called FTP (File Transfer Protocol) is used for transferring data or program files between the powerful server computers that provide the network services and the client computers that use these services e.g. downloading music files. Note that copying data from a larger server system to a client is referred to as downloading and copying from the client to the server is known as uploading.

One of the newest and most popular services available on the Internet is the World Wide Web (WWW). The Web contains interlinked documents called webpages. A set of related webpages stored together on a server computer is called a website. Websites give the user access to special programs called search engines that are designed to allow the user to find relevant webpages on the Web.

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VERB PREFIXES

Prefixes used to form verbs which mean 'to cause to be something':

en-: encrypt: to change data into a secret code so that only someone with a key can read it;

up-: update: to modify data in a file and thus ensure the file reflects the latest situation; upgrade: to add or replace hardware or software in order to expand the computer's power; upload: to send files to a central, often remote computer; compare with 'download'

Prefixes that mean 'the opposite of an action' or 'to reverse an action':

de-: decrypt: to convert secretly coded (encrypted) data back into its original form. decompress: to restore compressed data back to its original size; debug: to correct errors in a program or system; defragment: to reorganize data stored on disk by putting files into contiguous order;

un-: uninstall: to remove hardware or software from a computer system;

4 Заповніть пропуски відповідними словами із вправи 3, при необхідності змініть їхню форму. (письмово)

1. The program ran so slowly, I had to un… it. 2. Your financial information is fully en… and cannot be accessed. 3. Messages encrypted using a public key can only be de… by someone with the corresponding private key. 4. The computer compresses and de… a colour image in less than a second. 5. Once you've written a program, you have to test it and de… it to remove all the errors. 6. In cyberspace, 'up…' means to send a file. 7. You can easily up… your files by adding or deleting information. 8. To de … your hard disk you need a disk optimizer, a program that will reorder your files.